Radiation therapy

The polar bear is part of the Ursidae family and it’s scientific name is, Ursus Maritimus. It’s physical characteristics are that it is white, six to nine feet and 800 to 1,300 pounds. It feeds upon seals and fish for nutrients. The polar bear population is decreasing drastically because of global warming and is at an all time low of about 22,000. Even though they live most of their lives in the water, their home is on the ice nursing and taking care of their cubs. They were marked as threatened…

Figure 5.8 is a pulse height spectrum of the net counts of the beta- emitting radionuclide, 137Cs as a function of pulse height voltage. Within Figure 5.8, the majority of the counts reside in the low voltage region, below 25 mV. It is possible to discriminate the between the different particle types by virtue of the pulse height distribution and establishing detection window threshold within the detection unit. As discussed earlier, it is possible to establish a lower threshold limit that…

Sound is an amazing spectacle, it is a thing that is made up of vibrating waves that move up and down back and forth. Two ways to think of sound in a real life example are: 1st a slinky; the way it jiggles back and forth is much like how a sound wave can jiggle, 2ond a water wave; the way that the wave looks much like a squiggly horizontal line that is what sound waves act much like. A vibration, A.K.A the up and down slinky motion and the to and fro water wave motion, are called vibrations. A…

Experiment #6: Polarimetry Resolution of (∓)-Racemate: (∓)-ɑ-Phenylethylamine OBJECTIVE All chiral molecules have a mirror image of themselves. While they have the same physical properties, they interact with other chiral molecules completely different. Since there are many chiral molecules in organics, this can lead to the need to make optically pure products. If the chemist does not, it can lead to many problems including death. In this experiment, the separation of two enantiomers was…

Firstly, its advantages include being safe and painless. Unlike X-ray, MRI scanners do not use ionizing radiation; instead they use magnetic fields and radio waves which are harmless and can be absorbed by the body without causing mutations because radio waves have a low frequency and thus a low energy that doesn’t cause harm. Secondly, the pictures that are…

Interpretation of the NOESY: (Nuclear Overhauser Effect) spectrum of 1-(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)azepan-2-one (3a) is as follows. Strong coupling interaction of protons of 2nd and 4th position in 1-(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)azepan-2-one (3a), was not so strongly observed in COSY because it involves long range coupling i.e. protons attached between 2nd and 4th carbon atom. Hence, we studied NOESY to know the spacial interaction between these two protons. Thus, the…

Introduction The microscope is an optical instrument that produces large images of small objects that cannot be observed by the human naked eye. There are two types of light microscopes: compound microscope and Electron microscope. Light microscopes are divided into two categories: Compound microscopes and Stereoscope microscopes. Electron microscope functions in the following way; a stream of electrons emitted from an electron source built in the microscope, the obtained image is in black and…

The experiment is an investigation about the Zeeman Effect in an atomic Cadmium lamp. The part of the spectrum observed will be the 645nm (red) emission line. Electrons occupy energy levels within an atom when a photon of energy hf is absorbed by an electron in the n=1 level and if the energy is such that the electron is excited and ascends to the n=2 level after some time the electron will then descend back to the n=1 level and a photon of hf will then be emitted again. Each atom has its own…

Lasik surgery is the most common type of refractive surgery. The aimed result of the surgery is to refract light rays on the retina without damaging the surrounding cellular cells. Lasik surgery is a procedure that was developed to correct the vision problems of Nearsightedness, Long-sightedness and Astigmatism. Nearsightedness (myopia) is when you can see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects seem blurry. Long-sightedness (hyperopia) is when you can see distant objects clearly, but nearby…

SHAH How to do HDR photography (lions) HDR Photography HDR (High Dynamic Range) photography is a form of image processing that uses a series of images captured at different exposures to produce one, amazing photo. The dynamic range is a term used to infer to the ratio of darkness to the light. The idea is usually to compress the compress the light and have it appear on the final processed photo or computer in the same manner the eyes sees it. According to Photography.TutPlus, a good digital…