Radiation oncology

Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and its current management may slow the progression to renal failure, but it does not prevent its development. Therefore, effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney diseases. Data showed that oxidative stress and inflammatory process are important factors contributing to kidney damage by increasing production of oxidants. KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway regulates the transcription of…

Tori- “Hi Ella, nice to meet you!” Ella- “Nice to meet you too.” Tori- “So I wanted to talk to you today about something called Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and I know many people probably don't know what this is.” Ella- “ Well I actually did not know what it was either until I had it myself. It is a rare syndrome that can lead to the development of many cancers such as leukemia, brain cancers, breast cancer, adrenal cortex cancer, and many others.” Tori- “ Was there a cancer that you developed from…

What is Cancer? Cancer is the name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. There is no known cure for any cancer, however there are multiple types of treatments. And Cancer can be overcome, it is just not 100 percent chance that it will be overcome every time. Normal cells grow, divide to make new cells, and die in an formattable way.…

1. What is the most likely diagnosis of the underlying disease in this patient (5 marks)? Follicular Lymphoma. 2. Describe the process of autologous transplantation for the treatment of this patient’s disease. (5 marks). Stem cells are removed from patient and stored in a freezer. Patient will then receive high dose chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy to get rid of circulating tumor cells in the blood. The removed stem cells are transfused, replacing the destroyed tissue and…

Downstream Targets Due to the lack of developing an effective Ras treatment, some have turned to targeting downstream effectors of Ras. Downstream effectors have a critical role in Ras carcinogenesis and are commonly found in KRAS mutated cancers. The most intensely targeted pathways are the Raf-MEK-ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. Raf-MEK-ERK MAPK signaling is initiated through receptor tyrosine kinases after their activation by growth factors (Mccubrey 2006). Once Ras is in its…

you are bothered by wrinkles and other signs of aging then a Botox treatment could be very beneficial. It is a treatment that provides a quick and effective solution in helping to reduce the look of facial lines and wrinkles. Over time, aging, combined with stress, worry, and everyday environmental factors can take their toll on your face making it look older than it should. Botox treatments were first approved in 1990. They are given by way of injection to smooth out the wrinkles of the…

Ovarian cysts, are also called cystic ovarian mass. Many people might ask these questions about ovarian cysts. What is it? What are the symptoms? The treatments? How does it happen? Is there more than one type? Who gets it? Can you die from it? Is there a cure? Ovarian cysts are sacs containing or semisolid material that develop in or on the surface of an ovary. They are common and the majority are harmless. They do cause symptoms similar to ovarian tumors which can be cancerous. Some symptoms…

Overall survival Mean overall survival (OS) was 13.8 years (median was not reached) with 96% at 3 years, 93% at 5 years, 83% at 10 years and 64% at 15 years after RT. For low-grade meningioma survival rate was 97% at 3 years, 94% at 5 years, 85% at 10 years and 65% at 15 years, for atypical meningioma 91% at 3 years, 86% at 5 years, 62% at 10 years and 50% at 15 years. As expected OS is significantly better for low-grade meningioma (p=.034, Figure 1). Stratified by histology, we compared groups…

In the case study, I selected the researchers are trying to connect Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) to ovarian cancer. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a polymicrobial infection and inflammatory disorder of the upper female genital tract including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures in woman (article). Most common way to treat PID is antibiotics, however if left untreated damage can occur that can lead to infertility problems. The case study suggests that PID can change…

4 tips for the follow-up care after Breast Cancer Surgery After the lumpectomy, the chances of your recovery are good and they will be pretty uneventful. Even most of the women are ready to get back to their regular physical activity in a period of five days after the surgery. Whereas, in the cases of mastectomies, which are more complicated, a patient usually requires an overnight stay in the hospital. They are also expected to take at least 20 to 30 days before they get back to their normal…