Radiation oncology

It is not often that we are asked to consider the value of our own lives. When Steve Jobs was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2003, he had no choice but to face his own mortality. Doctors told him it was an incurable form of cancer, and that his days on Earth were now limited. During Jobs’s 2005 commencement address at Stanford University, he commented that this was the closest he had ever come to facing death. Fortunately, during a biopsy later on it was discovered that the pancreatic…

Overall, this video explains the positive outcomes of using viruses, that once were considered deadly, to treat cancer. The documentary shows how ongoing research and trials of this kind of treatment is happening simultaneously in different places, and using different viruses. The first case mentions the study developed by Dr. Bell, who concluded that smallpox viruses can attack, and kill cancer cells without harming surrounding cells. Therefore, he and his team are working in treatment trials…

ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYNDROMIC GYNECOLOGICAL CANCERS Both ovarian and endometrial carcinomas can be expression of genetically inherited syndromes. Two main hereditary cancer syndromes are known that predispose to cancers occurring in the gynecological tract, namely Lynch and hereditary Breast and Ovary Cancer syndromes. Lynch syndrome is due to germline mutations in the MMR system, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 genes, and in EPCAM gene, that cause high…

What Is Blue Light Therapy? Blue light therapy is also known as photodynamic therapy. More dermatologists are using it to help ward off skin cancer in patients who suffer from actinic keratoses. Actinic keratoses are also known as solar keratoses. They are scaly raised bumps that developed in sun-exposed areas, such as the lips, hands, face and forearm. They are precancerous lesions. Ten percent of people with actinic keratoses will develop skin cancer. Fortunately, early treatment can…

Lupus is a chronic, complex and prevalent autoimmune disease that affects more than 1.5 million Americans. (LRI) Many youth have contracted this disease, Lupus can affect your brain, organs, bones, tissues, etc. The body begins to fight it self killing healthy body cells thinking they are malicious. The lupus research institute helps fund beginning operations for finding a cure for lupus. After the initial funding the government will continue to fund the project if it was successful. The lupus…

Outcome of the hypospadias reconstruction is closely related to getting an expert knowledge about the surgical anatomy of the normal and hypospadiac penis. In general, the hypospadiac and the normal penis are similar in many aspects. The anatomical and histological analysis revealed that the neurodevelopment and the corporal bodies are similar except at the ventral aspect where there is arrested urethral development, deficient of corpora spongiosum, and abortive prepuce. (13) In general the…

Cardiac transplantation has emerged as an effective treatment modality for patients with end stage heart disease. According to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, it has been estimated that more than 5,000 heart transplants are performed every year worldwide(1). The Heart and Stroke Statistics 2012 update by American Heart Association estimated that about 2333 cardiac transplantation procedures were performed in 2010 in the United States alone(2). Cardiac allograft…

Degenerative disease experienced at a higher rate among Chinese Americans Among Chinese Americans, Stomach Cancer is experienced at a much higher rate - about two times the rate than that of non-hispanic white men and women. Stomach Cancer among Asian Americans is generally known to be caused by H. Pylori, a bacteria that is found in the digestive tract. H. Pylori can sometimes break the barrier of the stomach lining and attack it, which can lead to cancer of the stomach. Please be aware that…

My definition of a hero is courageous, strong, loving, bold, and a fighter. I know that my hero, my grandma, fits this definition to a T. My grandma had an encounter that changed her life forever. In March of 2016, she heard the horrific news no one ever wants to hear. She found out she had breast cancer. She went into the doctors for her normal yearly mammogram at Stanford Medical Center in Fargo, ND. Little did she know this regular yearly appointment would change her life forever. After…

Fluorouracil FDA pregnancy category X which means that studies in animals or humans beings have demonstrated fetal abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on human experience or both, and the risk of use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible benefit. It is unknown whether or not fluorouracil crosses the placenta. Leucovorin is a Pregnancy category C which indicates that studies have revealed adverse effects on the fetus and there are no controlled studies in…