Queen of Hearts

The two main neck muscles are the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius, and are responsible for the gross motor movement in the muscular system of the head, neck and shoulders. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a paired muscle, located at the front and on each side of the neck. It is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The trapezius is one of the biggest shoulder and…

Echocardiogram is a diagnostic study that uses ultrasound waves transmitted through a transducer using a conducting gel to create an image of the heart. Ultrasound waves are cyclic in nature and at a frequency that are not audible within the parameter of human hearing (Fridman, V., 2013). The transthoracic approach provides visualization of the heart and its structures. Throughout TTE the ultrasound probe is positioned at various points on the chest wall and images are taken at each position.…

Vital signs are objective measures of physiological function that are used to monitor acute and chronic disease and thus serve as a basic communication tool about patient status.1 Vital signs consist of the measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Vital signs are used to monitor patient’s health status and also to monitor their recovery from certain diseases. Numerous physiological and pathological changes may occur with age and alter vital signs.1…

blood from the heart, in a high pressure low volume stream to the capillaries found throughout the body. The systemic veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the capillary beds in a low pressure, high volume, valve controlled flow, back to the heart. From there, the heart pumps the deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery to be taken to the lungs to replenish the oxygen in the hemoglobin. Overview of three coronary bypass grafts Grafts are common procedures performed to improve heart…

Anemia is a well-known condition that affects thousands of people in the United States. Statistics show that in the United States there are about 237,000 visits to local hospitals every year with anemia being the diagnosis. Statistics also show that there are approximately 4,894 deaths in the United States every year due to anemia. Anemia is a condition in which you lack red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Anemia can be a short term disease or it can be a long term disease…

Perfusion/Oxygenation Ms. Crocker has poor profusion due to her heart failure. Her heart condition is not very advanced at this time, but is contributing to some peripheral tissues not getting as much blood. The reason for this is that the heart is putting out less blood and so the body wants to make sure that the vital organs are getting the blood supply first before/over the peripheries. Due to her COPD when the oxygen was turned up too high, she would begin to have a decreased level of…

that is used to evaluate the muscular and electrical functions of the heart (Wedro, Kulick & Davis 2014). An ECG also measures the rhythm and rate of a heartbeat. An electrode patch is placed on the arms, legs and several parts of the chest of the patient. Each of these patches produces an electrical signal from the heart and these signals are then interpreted by the medical professional, which is then used to learn about the heart rates (Wedro, Kulick & Davis 2014). An ECG is a noninvasive…

Cardiovascular Response: When exercising the muscles requires a constant supply of oxygen, it is the hearts job to make sure there is enough oxygen being pumped round the body for the muscles, the heart has to pump harder and faster as more oxygen is required to get round the body to the muscles in use otherwise they will fatigue quicker. If this is repeated regularly, then over time the heart will become stronger as will become more used to the higher demands. At the start of exercise, the…

Introduction: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have provided a significant contribution for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular events due to their ability to detect lower concentrations of troponin levels more rapidly. There is significant evidence about the association between the absolute value of elevated cardiac troponin levels with the prognosis of patients with chest pain (3). However, it is well-known that elevated cardiac troponin levels may occur in situations other than…

For the Good of the Horse, or the Good of the People? Sports have rules. No matter the sport, it will have guidelines that tell people how to play and to keep players from cheating. Drug usage, one of the most debated sections of any rulebook, is regulated and controlled with drug testing and hefty punishments. The entire Russian track and field team was recently suspended for a “culture of cheating” through large-scale, government influenced drug usage (Keteyian). The second baseman for the…