Quantum mechanics

The first atomic model was introduced by an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist named John Dalton. John Dalton had reintroduced the idea of the atom that had once been a theory of a Greek scientist named Democritus. However, unlike Democritus, Dalton was able to prove the existence of atoms. Through many experiments, Dalton came up with a list of properties, that he thought, all atoms shared. Each element is composed of atoms Atoms are tiny, featureless spheres All atoms of same…

Quasiclassical Elienberger equations [129] for the green functions g(k , r, and order parameter , is a powerful tool to deal with inhomogeneous superconductors [130]. These functions depend on the so called, ‘Matsubara frequency’, , coordinate r, and wave vector k on the fermi surface. The dependence of green functions and order parameters on the wave vector k, makes them sensitive to the shape of fermi surface. This makes solution of Elienberger equations complicated in the system of complex…

Daniel Bernoulli, proclaimed to be the greatest out of all the Bernoulli in his family, made the basis for the kinetic theory of gases, applied the idea of Boyle’s law, worked on elasticity with Leonhard Euler, the development of the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, and one of the most important Bernoulli’s Principle which is critical to aerodynamics. At the beginning of Daniel’s life he wasn’t allowed to choose what he wanted to be or be able to pursue the career he wanted, but this shaped the…

Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was born in Breselenz, a village close to Dannenberg in the Kingdom of Hanover, which is now mostly known as Federal Republic of Germany. His father, Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, was a poor Lutheran Minister in Breselenz who took part in the Napoleonic Wars and finally settled as a pastor in Quickborn. On the other hand, his mother, Charlotte Ebell, unfortunately died before her children had reached adulthood. Riemann was second among his 6 brothers and sisters,…

Ultrafast Electron Microscopy has been demonstrated to be an effective table-top technique for imaging the temporally-evolving dynamics of matter with subparticle spatial resolution on the time scale of atomic motion. A stringent enhancement of the UEM temporal resolution is demanded for recording snapshots of the electron motion which will provide a real-time access to all microscopic motions outside the atomic core and radically change our insight into the workings of the microcosm. Here, we…

In 1964 a physicist by the name of Peter Higgs took some ideas that were floating around at the time, added an insight or two of his own, and proposed that there was an energy field that permeated the entire universe. This energy field is now called the Higgs filed. The reason he proposed this field was that nobody understood why some subatomic particles had a great deal of mass, while others had little and some had none at all. The energy filed that Higgs proposed would interact with the…

1 The Nature All my life through, the new sights of Nature made me rejoice like a child. – Marie Curie (1867-1934), the Polish-French physicist chemist famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry. All that is beautiful, delightful and affable in this world, the silence of the night, the loveliness of the morning, the beauty of the day, the melody of the breeze, the fragrances of the flower, the precious…

An electron vacancy is created and is further filled by an electron from the higher shell and thus an X-ray is emitted to balance the difference in energy between the two electrons. The detector placed on the energy dispersive spectroscope apparatus measures the number of emitted X-rays and their energies. Energy of the X-ray is characteristics of the element from which X-ray is emitted. A spectrum of the relative counts of the detected X-rays is obtained and evaluated for quantitative…

Results and dissection 3.1 Transition metal complexes of the macrocyclic, H6L Ligand 3.1.1 The macrocyclic, H6L Ligand The physical and analytical data of the macrocyclic, H6L ligand and its transition metal complexes were shown in Table 1. From the investigation, the expected structure of H6L with its possible toutomeric forms can be represented as shown in Figure 1. H6L ligand is highly symmetric under the point group C2v symmetry and can show all the normal modes of vibrations by solving…

Pierre Bourdieu was born on 1 August 1930 in Denguin, France. He attained a degree in philosophy and was also the gold medalist of the National Centre for Scientific Research. Throughout his life, he contributed to various areas of discussions and involvements that include art and culture, education, language and methodology (Grenfell 2012:12-14). Bourdieu was also influenced by Karl Marx and adapted his theories to elaborate further on capital in regards to class divisions. Similar to Marx,…