Quantum field theory

formally began his career that would have a profound impact on psychology and education. Today, Piaget is best known for his research on children’s cognitive development. He studied the intellectual development of his own three children and created a theory that described the stages that children pass through in the development of intelligence and formal thought processes. He outlined that there are four stages of cognitive development the sensorimotor…

Physicist Albert Einstein illustrated that time is an illusion that it is relative which it can differ for different observers depending on the speed through space. To Einstein, time is a fourth dimension and space is described as a three-dimensional field, which provides a traveler with coordinates such as length, height and width showing location. Time provides one more coordinate direction although conventionally, it only moves forward. Time travel is transporting between different…

by describing light as a wave. Some other properties such as emission and absorption are better explained by treating light as a particle. The correct or exact nature of electromagnetic radiation is not clearly known, as it has the development of quantum mechanism in the first quarter of twentieth century. Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation consist of oscillating magnetic and electric…

Dostoevsky’s extended criticism of the world in his novel “Notes from the underground”, explores a dark truth about the human condition. The inevitably of suffering and the absence of consciousness is Dostoevsky’s example of the human condition that he perceives to be tragic but rather truthful. The protagonist whom represents the worldview of the Dostoevsky, tends to escape the 19th-century capitalist society of Russia by living underground and doing nothing. In this sense the retrospect of a…

Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT): The VBT has two most serious limitations that electrons in molecules are treated as though they are localised and behave almost as they did in isolated atoms. This means that the VBT retains the individuality of the atoms composing molecule. The problem can be resolved by introducing the resonance theory, but with the loss of the original valence bond model. Hund[ 173], Mulliken[ 174], Van Vleck[175], Helsenberg[176], Jones[ 177] and others suggested an alternate…

model the Electron Cloud Model. It represents the nucleus surrounding a cloud. “The cloud” is essentially where any electron could lie within the atom. Using mathematical equations, it showed anyone one could predict where an electron was because the theory was that electrons come and go. They aren’t evenly spread out, or just stuck in one place. Nor do they orbit like…

life be artificially created at the cellular level? This would consist of arranging the correct amounts of various elements into the right formations and structures to make the organelles of a cell functional. According the Cell Theory, this is impossible. The Cell Theory has three parts. They are that all living things are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic living…

The visible pulse (gating pulse) enters the microscope, and together with the ultrafast electron pulses illuminate the nanostructure specimen (gold nanoparticle). The visible laser pulse kept at low power (~1.8 mJ/cm2) to avoid saturation. At the spatiotemporal overlapping, the coupling between the visible and electron pulses takes place. The signature of this coupling can be revealed by measuring the electron energy spectrum using the electron energy spectrometer attached to the microscope. The…

Otto Hahn was a great scientist that did multiple things to advance the scientific field. Otto Hahn was born March 8, 1879 and died on July 28, 1968. In his early years he was debating being an architect but later went on to become a German chemist. Hahn attended the University of Marburg and recieved his doctorate degree in 1901. He served one year in the military. In 1904, he went to London to learn English and ended up working at the University College. At University College, Hahn ended up…

The book, The Disappearing Spoon by Sam Kean explores each of the elements on the periodic table. The Disappearing Spoon focusses on the history of the Periodic Table by telling stories that show how each element affected the scientists that discovered it. For each element, Kean supplies an extensive backstory for its foundation, the common (or uncommon) uses of the element and other useful factoids about the matter. The author begins the novel with a physical description of the Periodic Table…