Quantum electronics

In 1959, metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was invented by Dawon Kahng and Martin M. (John) Atalla at Bell Labs. Julius Edgar Lilienfeld had already patented the basic principle of this kind of transistor in 1925. But later the Bell Labs edition was allocated the name bipolar junction transistor, or merely junction transistor, and design of Lilienfeld came to be identified as field effect transistor. Later, Jean Hoerni found that Silicon dioxide (SiO2) should be used to…

Introduction Molecular orbital theory allows for the relation between the nature of chemical bonds and the properties of molecules.1 Many times, the frontier molecular orbitals, named HOMO and LUMO, are analyzed in order to predict these properties. In this lab, each double bond corresponds to a molecular orbital. The HOMO, or highest occupied molecular orbital is the most energetic (highest n-value) orbital that contains an electron. The n-value is equal to the number of double bonds present.…

the world, most of the things happening everyday would stop. Most people know what computers are and how they work, but there is a special kind of computer that not many people in the world are aware of, that is Quantum Computers. So, you may ask “What is a Quantum Computer?”, well a quantum computer is not an ordinary computer because of many reasons, the…

One can take for granted the knowledge that has already been discovered or they can look back and learn about the people who made the discoveries in their lifetime. There are lots of theorists, who have furthered the development of nursing theory. Each one has contributed to the development of nursing knowledge that is used, event to this day (textbook chapter 5). Throughout this paper, different nursing theorists will be discussed, as well as, their theories; an application to the nursing…

Research question: To what extent is the maths behind the double pendulum correct and what are its limitations due to chaos theory. Chaos theory is the idea, in simple terms, that certain natural events and occurrences are unpredictable in their behaviour. Examples of this are: weather, turbulent flow in certain liquids and even the double pendulum. These things can be explored and determined mathematically just how unpredictable they are and under what conditions they may become predictable,…

Table of content Introduction Two dimensional electron system Hall geometry Classical interpretation of IQHE Quantum mechanical interpretation of IQHE Significance of IQHE References Introduction The integral quantum hall effect (IQHE) was first discovered by Klaus von Klitzing and coworkers in 1980. It was demonstrated by two dimensional electron system in a device called metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), under low temperature and large magnetic…

Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25th, 1642. As Newton grew up he was recognized as a very knowledgeable physicist, mathematician, author and astronomer. He excelled in both math and physics and has been developing theories since his early twenties. Isaac Newton attended a grammar school in Grantham near Lincolnshire, where as during this time Newton became very interested with chemicals. In 1664 Newton at that time was a student, he read up on work containing optics and light. He was…

Eureka! Do you remember that pleasant feeling when a brilliant idea flashed into your head? Over 2000 years ago in ancient Greece, a physicist Archimedes was trying to solve a problem of physics. One day, while taking a bath, he suddenly got an inspiration, and discovered a breakthrough principle. He got so excited about this discovery that he leapt out the bathtub, ran through the streets without his clothes, and cried out, "Eureka!”: in English, “I’ve found it!”, the word to express our…

To facilitate an accurate description of the localized d and f electrons in the solids, the self interaction correction is introduced. Within the LSDA, the spurious self-interaction tends to underestimate their localization. In SIC-LDA formalism, the localized electrons see a potential (SIC potential) different from that of the delocalized ones for which the self-interaction vanishes and whose potential therefore reduces to that of the LSDA. It is known that self-interaction is important only…

Being known as “The Father of the Atomic Bomb” is a great accomplishment. To have this association as well as being known as “The Pope,” “The Prophet,” and “The Admiral” to his associates, an individual must be intelligent and have a background that allowed them to grow and prosper in physics (Latil 113). The man with this honor is Enrico Fermi and without him, who knows what would have happened in World War II. Enrico Fermi had multiple experiences and obstacles in his life, but all of the…