Quantum efficiency

Superfluid helium or He II is a macroscopic quantum fluid that exhibits extraordinary properties. %By applying the limit of low flow velocities, The behavior of the fluid can be understood using a Landau - Tisza model, where He II is considered to be a two-component fluid with independent velocity fields: the inviscid superfluid of density $\rho_s$, and the normal fluid of density $\rho_n$, where the total density $\rho$ = $\rho_s$ + $\rho_n$ \cite{Tisza,Landau}. The superfluid has neither…

Types of Spectroscopy used in Organic Chemistry 1.1 Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light (electromagnetic radiation) (Crouch & Skoog, 2007). It is often phrased as the light of knowledge (Reusch, 2013). In the past, spectroscopy started by the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength by a prism (Anon., n.d.). Now, with the knowledge of light having both wave-like and particle-like characteristics, with given frequency or…

Science is intuitive. The tallest hill can be the shortest mountain. It is through our intuition that we come to know that the big ones are mountains and the little ones are hills. In some ways, the same is true for science. Science encompasses everything ranging from chemistry to archaeology, microbiology to astronomy. There are so many different aspects to science that it is hard to boil down to one concrete and concise definition. Science is involved with the study of the natural world. This…

Critical assessment of the article: Quantitative analysis by Auger Electron Spectroscopy 1 Introduction When the outer electron fills the vacancy left by an ionized electron in the inner shell, the released energy can be passed to another outer electron that causes further emitting of an electron with characteristic energy, this is the basic principle of the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) [1]. Nowadays, AES is almost an indispensable tool in nanoscience research for its high surface…

The Life of Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was born on April 15, 1707, in Basel, Switzerland. He was the first of six children in a minister's family. His father, Paul Euler, a Protestant preacher, taught young Euler mathematics but wanted him to be a minister. Paul Euler married Margaret Brucker, the daughter of another Protestant minister. He had two younger sisters named Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena (newworldencyclopedia). He died on September 18, 1783 from a cerebral hemorrhage. Euler…

Presentism is the view that all, and only, things that exist in the present, the now, exist. To determine whether something is part of the present means that you have to find what exactly determines the present. The common objection for presentism is by the use of the Special Theory of Relativity, or more specifically the relativity of simultaneity. The Special Theory of Relativity is a well confirmed physical theory of the measurement of non-accelerating frames of reference in all inertial…

James Chadwick, 82, of Bollington, England, passed away on July 24 while living in Cambridge, England. He died in his sleep of an unknown cause. Chadwick was a very important figure in history, having discovered the neutron in 1932. Chadwick was the son of John Joseph Chadwick, a railway storekeeper, and Anne Mary Knowles, a domestic servant. At a young age of 11, Chadwick won an entry to grammar school. He had two brothers, Hubert and Harry Knowles, along with two twin daughters whom he left…

Fact Sheet for Famous Physicist Name of Physicist: Daniel Bernoulli Date of Birth: February 8, 1700 Date of Death: March 17, 1782 Nationality: Swiss Description of Childhood Upbringing/Early Years: Daniel came from a notable family, known for being physicists. His parents were Johann Bernoulli and Dorothea Falkner. His father was a doctor and well-known mathematician. He was called the “Archimedes of his age”. Education: Taught by his more caring older brother,…

He has said many incredible quotes throughout his lifetime and made many inventions. One of his quotes that he mentioned and i am going to be talking about is ( It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity). - Albert Einstein. In my opinion this is a really powerful quote and has lots of meaning. I will start by saying that technology is taking us away from our faith and family. though this quote has been said a long time ago,and also know that even though…

Albert Einstein said, “No object can travel faster than the speed of light.” However, will the temperature change the brightness of light? The researcher will perform the test three different times. Each test will take one glow stick from the freezer, one from the refrigerator, one in boiling water, and one from the counter and break the glow stick to make it glow. The researcher will then time the length of time it takes for the glow stick to turn off. At the conclusion of the experiment, the…