Pulse oximetry

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION 1 • Life-threatening condition characterized by the inability of the pulmonary system to meet the metabolic demands of the body with respect to oxygenation of the blood and systemic organs and/or CO2 elimination • May be accompanied by ventilatory failure 7 • Develops within minutes or hours as opposed to chronic respiratory failure that develops over several days, weeks or years CLASSIFICATION 2, 1 • Classification is mainly based on arterial blood gas (ABG)…

Coarctation of the Aorta Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital defect that can occur in infants. A congenital defect is present at birth and may or may not be discovered before delivery. Once discovered, management of the condition and treatment must begin immediately. Etiology Coarctation of the aorta presents as a narrowing of the aorta near the heart. Specifically, near where the ductus arteriosus joins the heart. Because this narrowing occurs distal to the vessels that supply blood…

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease of the lungs that causes obstruction of the airways and results in a gradual decline in the function of the lung (Stark). COPD is typically a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD has been around for a very long time, however, in previous decades it was called something else. In 1679 physician Bonet called it, ‘voluminous lungs’. In 1814 Charles Badham was the first person…

After obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review board and the hospital research ethics committee, informed consents were taken from all patients. Sixty patients between 20-40 years old, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-II, were included in the study at Saad Specialist Hospital, in the period between January 2014 and July 2015. Inclusion criteria for our study were as follows: emergency cesarean needing early delivery in the absence of maternal or fetal compromise…

On Monday November 7th during my Acute Nursing clinical rotation at Nashville General Hospital I was given the opportunity to go into the Emergence Department or ED. Kamila, a registered nurse, introduced herself as the charge nurse on the floor. She told other nursing students and myself, that in result of the staff shortage the staff was extremely busy. I was able to meet Sarah also a Registered Nurse and Tennessee State University Alum. What surprised me the most is that majority of the…

are “early manifestations of cerebral hypoxia from poor tissue perfusion.” Poor perfusion of oxygen in body systems due to decreased levels lead to further symptoms which include increased heart murmurs, heart rate, low blood pressure, decreased pulse pressure, delayed capillary refill, jaundice, ulcers, Chronic Kidney Disease, and dark yellow or amber colored urine. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Many of these later symptoms occur simultaneously in the body systems and are more common during…

Introduction Anesthesia in obese patients is associated with difficult mask ventilation, rapid desaturation, and difficult intubation1,2. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway reported by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) advise that ‘multiple airway features should be assessed’3. EL-Ganzori simplified risk index (EGRI) combines and stratifies seven variables derived from parameters and observations individually associated with difficult intubation, a score…

CT scan is capable of showing much more detail than a typical x-ray, furthermore can confirm irregularities that were present on the x-ray. Blood oxygen levels can also be measured by clinicians with a finger clip. This test is referred to as pulse oximetry. If an individual has pneumonia, it is very difficult for their lungs to oxygenate the bloodstream (transfer oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream). 3. Methods/equipment available to the laboratory to help identify potential…

percutaneous twist-drill craniostomy (TDC), operative burr-hole evacuation (BHC), and craniotomy. The neurosurgeon and the patient’s son agreed on TDC; the son signed the informed consent. The patient was placed on continuous electrocardiograph (ECG) and pulse oximetry. In regards to emergency surgery and patients who are on antiplatelet medications such as clopidogrel and aspirin, the American Society of Hematology (2011), recommends pre-operative platelet transfusion. An indwelling urinary…

Organizational Systems & Quality Leadership Task 2 Healthcare organizations are required by their accrediting agencies to demonstrate methods of investigating sentinel events. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic approach to investigating sentinel events used by institutions accredited by the Joint Commission. Once this process helps to identify the causes of the event and a plan to correct the causes, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is used to identify and decrease the ways…