Pulmonary vein

Worksheet 1: Biological Hierarchy; and Organising the Natural World 1. Define what is meant by the “biological hierarchy”. Biological hierarchy is the structured organisation of all biological entities. It can be shown in pyramid form with the most simple element at the base being atoms and at the pinnacle is the ecosphere, the most complex. 2. What is an “emergent property?” An emergent property is when a new property develops on the next step in the biological hierarchy as the levels…

The human heart contains a specialized conduction system through which it can create and transmit electrical impulses without any external neural input. The main components of the conduction system of the heart include the SA node, AV node, Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibers. The sinoatrial node (also known as SA node) is a natural pacemaker and is responsible for depolarization of the right and left atrium. This produces a P wave on the EKG reading which is normally 0.1 second and its normal…

The scientific term which is used to describe the temperature control in the body is called hypothalamus. Hypothalamus begins in your brain since your brain makes the choices for your body. This is very important because if you're too cold you can start shivering for long periods of time which can lead up to hypothermia. On the other hand, if you are too hot you and start to sweat a lot it can lead up to avoid disease. Here are the 3 different that your body can make in these tough situations.…

Blood pressure is defined as a measurement of the force with which blood presses against the wall of a blood vessel. Blood pressure, as popularly used, is the pressure determined indirectly, existing in the large arteries at the height of the pulse wave. When a blood pressure reading is taken, the systolic over diastolic value is determined. Systolic pressure is defined as an aspect of a blood pressure reading which indicates the maximum arterial pressure occurring during contraction of the left…

“Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening acquired pathologic process in which the clotting system is abnormally activated, resulting in widespread clot formation in the small vessels throughout the body. The pathophysiology is excess thrombin is generated, followed by deposition of fibrin strands in the body tissues.” (Ball, 2012) “The circulating fibrin fragments later begin to interfere with platelet aggregation and other aspects of the clotting mechanism, resulting…

What side of the heart is affected by congestive heart failure (right, left, or both)? At the point when the right half of the heart starts to work less effectively, it can't pump much blood into the vessels of the lungs. Would Fluid accumulate somewhere? If so, Where? Explain your answer. Yes, Congestive heart failure (CHF) happens when the heart's pumping activity turns out to be weak to the point that liquid starts to amass in the lungs and other body tissues. This li quid development is…

constant (Merriam-Webster). Optic nerve: A part of the central nervous system, the optic nerve connects the eye to the brain, carrying electrical signals formed by the retina to be interpreted as images (Medicine Net). Central retinal vein: The central retinal vein is where blood circulating in the eye is returned to the heart to be cleaned. It forms the arterioles, branches of an…

1. Anatomy of the trachea and bronchi. The trachea (Fig.1) is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into two main bronchi, one for each lung. The trachea is nearly but not quite cylindrical, being flattened posteriorly; it measures about 11 cm. in length; its diameter, from side to side, is from 2 to 2.5 cm., being always greater in…

Coronary arteries are one of the most important parts of the body because of many different factors. Heart muscle needs blood rich in oxygen to function and pump more blood throughout the circulatory system. If the blood does not carry enough oxygen, the veins will carry it away. Blood can only be delivered when the heart is relaxed; because once they contract they become narrow. These arteries are structured differently as opposed to many of the other arteries in the human body. The coronary…

Impedance cardiography is a noninvasive technique for assessing stroke volume (and thus cardiac output) as well as pre-ejection period (systolic time intervals). To measure impedance, four dual-electrodes recorded basal transthoracic impedance (Z0) and the first derivative of that impedance, the change in impedance over time (dZ/dt). Biopac EL-500 dual-electrodes were placed on each side of the neck and on both sides of the abdomen (under the arms) at the level of the thoracic xiphisternal…