Pulmonary vein

To diagnosis AS a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is completed, with two dimensional doppler (2D). An Echocardiogram is a diagnostic study that uses ultrasound waves transmitted through a transducer using a conducting gel to create an image of the heart. Ultrasound waves are cyclic in nature and at a frequency that are not audible within the parameter of human hearing (Fridman, V., 2013). The transthoracic approach provides visualization of the heart and its structures. Throughout TTE the…

Cardiovascular Response: When exercising the muscles requires a constant supply of oxygen, it is the hearts job to make sure there is enough oxygen being pumped round the body for the muscles, the heart has to pump harder and faster as more oxygen is required to get round the body to the muscles in use otherwise they will fatigue quicker. If this is repeated regularly, then over time the heart will become stronger as will become more used to the higher demands. At the start of exercise, the…

The heart muscle itself has its own set of arteries, capillaries, and veins, as does every other organ in the body. They are called the coronary arteries and veins since they encircle the heart. Coronary arteries are supplied with oxygenated blood from the aorta to the myocardium to keep contracting. The left coronary artery feeds most of the left ventricle, the septum and much of the conduction system. The right coronary artery feeds the right side of the heart, including the sinoatrial (SA)…

In the respiratory system you can found nose which is a pathway for air and this is where the oxygen get into the lung and carbon dioxide into the air .Pharynx also known as throat is an other way which air can also enter into the lungs through the mouth. Air also enters into the larynx also known as voice box. It have two main functions as it is a passageway for air to enter into the lungs and a source of vocalization. The epiglottis is a tissue a flap-like cartilage structure contained in…

Clear! The physics behind the electrical life savers, defibrillators “Defibrillation has become an integral part of the emergency response routine. In fact, the American Heart Association considers defibrillation a basic life support skill for paramedics and rescue workers.” (DIRECT QUOTE) The human heart is arguably the most vital organ of the human body, as its coordinated and controlled two-part pumping is necessary to supply blood to the entire body. This supply rate is regulated by the…

Arterial color duplex study was performed for bilateral lower limbs which revealed mild atherosclerosis of the arteries without narrowing or blockage, no aneurysms in the popliteal arteries and confirmed the presence of a right DPA aneurysm with a small mural thrombus. Right foot toes pressure measurement showed normal readings (Fig.2). Surgical exploration was carried out under ankle block. A longitudinal skin incision was made directly over the aneurysm. Sharp dissection through fascia…

Syncope is sufficient blood flow to the brain which causes loss of consciousness which also causes fainting. It often happens in patients with hypotension which comes from the heart not pumping enough oxygen. Some of the causes of syncope is dehydration, heavy sweating, pooling of blood in the legs, exhaustion, disorder occur with exercise and with palpations or irregularities of the heart also with family history of recurrent syncope or sudden death. Risk factors are usually being…

is largely contributed to the feeble veins that elderly have. Vein quality can be contributed to many different patient characteristics as well. In many hospitals, the patients who have an IV inserted in their arm or hand are only getting their IV site assessed and flushed once per shift. There was no correlation in Salgueiro-Oliveira & Parreira’s study of the duration of the indwelling IV catheter and solely inflammation of the vein due to medications and vein integrity, although the chance of…

The conventional on pump CABG employed CPB to extracorporeal oxygenate the venous blood through the machine and then pump the blood back to the patient while the surgeon perform anastomosis between a graft and a coronary artery. During the surgical procedure, a cross-clamping was applied on the aortic artery to provide myocardial protection, and the heart was induced to cardioplegia with drugs, so the surgeon can perform anastomosis on a motionless field, thus guaranteeing the quality of the…

proactive coping, proactive coping is when someone reduces the stress of a difficult situation by anticipating complications and preparing for how one is going to cope with it. When the patient elected to have knee surgery he knew that DVT’s and pulmonary embolism would be a risk considering the surgery and his risk factors. He still went forward with the surgery after weighing the risks and the benefits and being ready to face the complications if they…