Pulmonary embolism

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION • Acute respiratory distress syndrome {ARDS) is a condition of dysfunctional gas exchange {i.e., pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edema progressing to advanced fibrosis) that is characterized by acute onset, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, severe hypoxia, the absence of evidence of left atrial hypertension, and a significant risk of mortality.25 DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL PRESENTATION • History o The patient may be in present with complaints of acute dyspnea and…

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and extracellular matrix (ECM): Blood vessels, include arteries that transport blood from the heart to the systemic circulation, and veins that transport blood back again into the heart. A remarkable change in blood vessel structure and function happened, with the emergence of a high-pressure, pulsatile circulatory system in vertebrates. Blood vessels then evolved from simple tubes for channeling blood or other body fluids from a low-pressure heart. According…

Chest trauma disrupts the structural integrity of the chest wall, and as a consequence may develop flail chest or rib fracture. A flail chest results when three or more ribs are fractured at two or more sites or when the ribs become disarticulated from their cartilage attachments with the sternum. The flail moves outward on exhalation which create an increase in pleural pressure and inward on inhalation. This abnormal movement is called paradoxical chest movement. Bony fragments from a fractured…

The cardiovascular system is the system in which it helps to circulate blood throughout your entire body. However, that's not its only function. It also helps to transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide, hormones, numerous cells, and also nutrients to the body's tissues and organs. This system consists of the heart, blood, and also blood vessels. The heart is a muscular structure that helps push the blood to flow throughout the body. It is composed of three layers the pericardium (around or…

circulation, meaning the blood passes through the heart twice before completing one round; this allows for the blood to be “re-pressurized”. Once the right side of the heart receives blood from the body, it pumps it to the lungs. This is known as the pulmonary circuit. The left side of the heart is dedicated to taking the blood from the lungs and pumping it to the rest of the body. This is the systemic circuit. We are able to measure how fast the heart in contracting by taking arterial…

1. Explain the relationship between the skeletal and muscular systems. So in the simplest terms, the skeletal system (Bones) make it so that way you have structure in you’re not a blob of skin and cartilage, and the muscular system makes it so that way you can get up and move around. The skeletal system provides the framework for your body, while the muscular system consists of soft tissues that support the skeleton. 2. Why is the circulatory system important? Because it circulates the blood in…

circulatory system is composed of vessels that take blood from the heart, thin-walled capillaries where exchange occurs, and vessels that return blood to the heart. Blood is pumped by the heart simultaneously into two ways the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary system takes blood through the lungs where gas exchange occurs and the systemic system transports blood to all parts of the body where exchange with tissue fluid takes place. In practical terms, we can think of the systemic…

Evaluation of the physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), which “is a heated, humidified, high-flow oxygen delivery system that can generate total gas flows of up to 60 L/min with an adjustable FIO2”, compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) for patients with hypoxemia and acute dyspnea in the emergency department was the focus of this study published in the American Association for Respiratory Care Journal (Rittayami, Tscheikuna, Praphruetkit, & Kijpinyochai, 2015). The…

c) Pulmo-cutanous arch- it divides into Pulmonary artery – it receives deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body and open into lungs. Cutanous artery- it supplies oxygenated blood to skin. Venous System of frog Blood vessels, which carry the deoxygenated blood from different parts of…

the right atrium of the heart -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> oxygen rich blood is transported to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body. The pattern of blood flow through the cardiovascular system is through the lungs (the pulmonary circuit) and through the rest of the body to all of the cells (the systemic circuit) simultaneously. The pulmonary circuit transports oxygen-poor…