Psychoanalysis

Discussing the Theories of Perception in Relation to William James’ Ideas. Perception is often defined as the unconscious and conscious awareness of the events and objects in the environment of the perceiver (Norman 2002 p. 73). Perception is divided into theories with 2 of the main theories being top-down constructivism and direct perception (Lappin 2013 p. 39). William James’ belief that what people perceive comes partly through our senses but that the larger part of what we perceive happens…

In the essay Civilisation and Its Discontent, Sigmund Freud analyses societies and tries to make sense of human behaviors, beliefs, desires, fears, and impulses. Throughout the essay, Freud reveals indirectly that society is on a decline. The first theoretical perspective found in Civilisation and its Discontent is the id, the ego, and the superego. This is the foundation of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory. According to Freud, when an infant is born it is only equip with the…

Nina's struggle seems to represent the inner conflict between the Id, the ego and the superego. Key to the psychodynamic approach is the idea that there's a link between present day behaviours and early infant development. Freud believed that the human personality is governed by unconcious processes of the human psyche. Freud asserted that the human psyche is organised into 3 different aspects ,these are : The Id : This is what Freud refers to as the pleasure principle ,governed by instinctual…

All types of kids will die someday no matter how hard you try to make their lives better economically; similar to the tale “Kids Who Die” by Langston Hughes. Hughes was a literary icon well known for writing about the African Americans’ experience with racism and discrimination during the 1950-1960’s. He was the leading voice of the Harlem Renaissance promoting upcoming young poets. On the other hand, he was the first black poet to support himself through his writing, according to the Poetry…

Theory Application Paper Behaviorism and psychodynamic theory are just two of many major factors in what affect a human being throughout their life. These two theories are known to help patients with mental disorders. Psychodynamic theory focuses more on childhood, and how experiences as a child can affect them throughout their whole life. Behaviorism focuses on the study of a human being. It focuses on how a person behaves. Both theories are very beneficial to psychologists to help them…

Annotated Bibliography 2 The scholarly, peer-reviewed article "Human Chances for Happiness: A Review of Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents" was written by Donald Capps and Nathan Carlin and was published in Volume 62, Issue 3, of the journal Pastoral Psychology in April 2012. I accessed the article through the University of West Florida library’s online database. In order to find the article on the UWF library’s website, go to the “Academic OneFile” database under “A-Z Database List.” To…

Super ego is the term employed by psychoanalysts to designate a structure in experiences, on the basis mainly of the child’s relations to his parents, and functioning as a kind of conscience, criticising the thoughts and acts of the ego, causing feelings of guilt and anxiety, when the ego gratifies or tends to gratify primitive impulses (Osborne, 1993). One of Freud’s major contributions was to stimulate the work of other theorists and researchers (Roazen, 1976). Erik Erikson was one of the most…

Defining Psychobiography: Psychohistory can be divided into two distinct branches, psychobiography which deals with the study of individuals; and group psychohistory which deals with the psychological characteristics of groups such as the Nazi youth cohort, American slaves, or Hiroshima survivors (Lifton 1967; Loewenberg 1971)(As cited by Runyan 1988). Psychohistory can be simply defined as the application of psychology to history, with an associated definition of psychobiography as the use of…

Dreams are the agglomeration of the fleeting flight of hidden hopes and horrors that a person experiences. Therefore, dreams are the looking glass with which we can glimpse a person’s inner character and the reason why they act as they do. In Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, the author emphasizes how dreams mirror reality by accentuating within the characters their subconscious guilt and fears, by providing insight into the hidden underscoring concept of the character during their…

J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, published in 1951, has become known as an American classic – but it has also been highly controversial, to the extent of being banned in certain schools. The novel has been the center of several debates, with some arguing the moral issues and psychological battles presented are eye-opening and “relevant to the youth of today,” forcing readers to reexamine society, while others criticize it and claim the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is profane and…