Proton

In October 2005, Dr. Robbin Warren and Dr. Barry Marshall were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of Helicobacter Pylori (H.Pylori for short). Helicobacter pylori is a spiral shaped bacteria with 4 to 7 whip-like structures called flagella. It can be found burrowed deep in the mucus layer of the stomach. The discovery of this bacteria was extremely important because it was one of the main causes for ulcers, stomach cancer and other diseases of the upper digestive system. (Fleming, 2007)…

crude product, a ratio of (E)-stilbene to (Z)-stilbene was 1:1. This means that the crude mixture was half of the trans isomer and half the cis isomer. This ratio was determined by looking at the two singlets in the spectra RM-09-1 representing the protons on alkene double bond. The singlets in RM-09-1 were found at 7.11 ppm and 6.59 ppm. The reported values, found on SDBS, for the chemical shifts of these singlets were 6.57 ppm for (Z)-stilbene and 7.15 ppm for (E)-stilbene. These peaks also…

supernovas about 6.6 billion years ago. Uranium is one of the heavier elements on the periodic table, being 18.7 times as dense as water. It is element number 92 and this specific isotope has 235 nucleons. This indicates to us that Uranium 235 has 92 protons, 92 electrons, and 143 neutrons. Uranium’s slow radioactive decay is the main source of heat inside the earth, causing convection and continental drift. Uranium 235 is the only naturally occurring fissionable fuel (can sustain a chain…

Atomic Theory be discovering the Neutron. When he was playing around with the Beryllium atoms and alpha particles an unknown radiation was formed. James thought that the radiation was charged a a neutral electric charge and the approximate amount of a proton. The particle found by James Chadwick was now given the name Neutron. After this discovery a element from the periodic table now had a better model of itself(“ Development of the Atomic Theory”). James Chadwick was born in Cheshire,…

The concepts of nuclear fusion and fission have recently taken a great role on the future of energy acquirement. Nuclear energy seemingly is the way of the future as it is exceedingly more efficient than any means of energy that which we have now. In nuclear power plants, fission is used to generate the power required to develop steam which then powers turbines. Fusion on the other hand, is essentially the reaction that occurs in the sun. Essentially, "Hydrogen nuclei (such as deuterium and…

the smallest unit in the whole body, it helped to make sure the daily needs of the body were met. The atoms acted as the tough guys of the body because they were big in number, or so they thought. They would often compare their amounts of neutrons, protons, and electrons to one another and drawing out structural and molecular formulas, to make it look like their electrons would increase alternating between the drawings. However, their atomic number, atomic mass, and isotopes reminded them no…

The element I selected for the Element Research Project is Osmium. Osmium’s chemical symbol is Os. Osmium’s atomic mass is 190 amu. Osmium’s atomic number is 76, it has 76 protons and 76 electrons. Osmium also has 114 neutrons. Osmium belongs to the transition metal group in the middle of the periodic table. Osmium’s Bohr model with electric configuration has two electrons in the first shell, eight in the second shell, eighteen is the third shell, thirty two in the fourth shell, fourteen in the…

Introduction An MRI (or Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan is a radiology technique that uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to look at organs and structures inside our bodies. Single MRI images are called slices can be stored on a computer or printed on film. An MRI combines images to create a 3-D picture of your internal structures. The MRI scanner is a tube surrounded by a huge circular magnet. The patient is placed on a moveable bed that is inserted into the magnet. An MRI…

atom however Rutherford received an Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his discovery of radioactive.In 1917, Rutherford was the first person to successfully split an atom using nitrogen and alpha particles. This reaction led to his discovery of protons, which are contained in the atomic…

intermediate followed by loss of a proton. The protonation of the leaving group results to Expulsion of the leaving group forming a new tetrahedral intermediate. The leaving group then leaves and the recently protonated carbonyl oxygen loses its proton resulting in the formation of the nucleophilic acyl substitution product. The exact sequence of protonation - deprotonation steps depends on the nature of the nucleophile and the leaving group ability of the L group. However, the proton that left…