Proton

Introduction In order to create a compound, there must be two or more atoms that bind together. These atoms may be made up of different elements, or some may be the same. There are two main ways that atoms bind together- covalently and ionically. In a covalent bond, two non-metals of similar electro negativities come together to share electrons with each other. These electrons come from the outer-valence shells, and are shared in a way so that both electrons can have satisfactory shells,…

Furthermore, ammonia and bicarbonate have also been described as chemotactic agents [10], increasing the number of H. pylori close to the surface of the epithelium. H. pylori infection treatment is based on a combination of at least two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor [11]. These therapies have shown an eradication rate of 75% in patients [12]. Strategies to improve the efficacy of the treatments involve drug protection from the highly acidic gastric fluids by encapsulating the drugs in…

The corneal endothelium is metabolically highly active, and accordingly, endowed with a large number of mitochondria (**). Recent studies have claimed mitochondrial dysfunction in response to deliberate oxidative stress and in FECD (**). Although mitochondrial damage is correlated to cell death, its effects could be more subtle when the damage to the organelle is not severe. Specifically, when mitochondrial damage is not severe, the cellular functions could be impacted by ATP depletion. The…

molecules. Whereas, photosystem II produces ATP with the usage of an electron from light. Moreover, the thylakoid space is beneficial for the function of photosynthesis due to the reason being that it helps generate the concentration gradient of protons and absorb light in photosynthesis. Furthermore, the stroma structure plays a significant factor in the function of the action of the process. During photosynthesis, the stroma is accountable for the synthesis of molecules from carbon dioxide and…

Uranium Do you know how nuclear power is made? It all starts with an element on the periodic table called uranium that stands at number ninety-two. It gives off power in a single way, using uranium 235 and 238. Fission is this process of removing protons and electrons from unstable nuclei, converting them to lead. This process gives of anywhere from 1 to 5 MeV (million electron volts). You can even produce more energy by splitting the unstable nuclei even further. This type of power can, with…

However, the coronal mass ejections (CME) — clouds of protons and other charged particles — that follow the flares within about 20 minutes can disrupt our satellite systems, GPS tracking devices, and power grids. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the September 6 CMEs were…

and gas at stp. Iodine is also located in Period 5 in the p-block of the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons and has 5 shells. Iodine is solid nonmetal at STP and it's electron configuration on shorthand in [Kr]4d105s25p5. Iodine has 53 protons and electrons and 74 neutrons. It has an atomic mass of 126.904 amu and I127 is a common isotope. It's electronegativity is 2.7 which means it has a decent ability to get electrons to be like a noble gas. It's melting point is 387(K) which…

electron sharing, what is special about a Hydrogen Bond that makes it not a true chemical bond? My Answer: B) Unequal distributions of the protons generates partial charges Correct Answer: A) Electrons are shared unequally between different atoms Why my answer was wrong: I did not realize that the answer says, “protons,” instead of, “electrons.” The protons are not distributed from the nucleus, because if they were, the element would change entirely. The electrons are the only subatomic…

neutron passes by a heavy nucleus such as Uranium-235, the nucleus may capture the neutron which may or may not cause nuclear fission. If the reactor used is U-235 when a neutron is captured the energy is spread out through the 236 nucleons (both protons and neutrons) that are currently present in the nucleus. This nucleus is likely to break up into two fragments due to its instability. These fragments are usually half its mass. After the fragments have been created is followed by emissions of a…

Just twenty years ago, physicists were starting to recognize that protons and neutrons are not elementary particles. Instead, they appeared to be composed of puzzling objects called “quarks.” A quark is now defined as an elementary particle that has an electrical charge equal to 1/3 or 2/3 that of an electron or proton (Riordan 608-609). There are six forms of quarks, known as flavors: up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom. Up and down…