Proton

The Atomic Theory The Atomic theory is just another law or principle of science, its the very foundation of all that science includes! The laws and principles of science were able to be tested because of this theory! We are going over everything about the atomic theory including its beginning, the history of the atomic theory, and why it is so important in the first place. We will also go over the many models produced by scientists over the years and why they were right or wrong and then…

it every day even if they do not know it. The symbol for calcium is very simple: Ca. Its atomic number is 20.(Helmenstine, 2015) Calcium has 20 electrons and 20 protons because electrons and protons will always have the same amount. There are also 20 neutrons in calcium due to the subtracting of the atomic weight and the number of protons to get the number of neutrons.(Nelson, 2015) It has a melting point of 1548 F (842 C) and a boiling point of 2703 F (1484 C). The atomic weight is…

There are several different reactions that can be utilized in order to end with a product that includes the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds, however for this experiment the reaction that was utilized is aldol condensation. An aldol condensation is when an enolizable aldehyde or ketone undergoes a reaction, in the presence of a base or acid, and gives a beta unsaturated ketone or aldehyde (Utah Valley University, 2009). This type of reaction can also add carbonyls to a compound, using similar…

products as ammonia or sodium hydroxide, and they also treat indigestion. There are many ways that acids and bases can be defined by their chemical properties. The Bronsted-Lowry definition states that acids are proton (hydrogen ion that loses its electron) donors and bases are proton acceptors. For example, hydrochloric acid would donate its hydrogen atom to water to become hydronium, HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-. The Arrhenius definition claims that acids produce positive hydrogen…

The nuclei of hydrogen atoms in water act like microscopic compass needles. When a body is exposed to the magnetic field of the MRI, the hydrogen atoms realign. Essentially, the protons in the nucleus are stimulated and they spin out of equilibrium. This causes them to strain against the pull of the magnetic field. Also, the content of energy of the nuclei changes when they are presented to pulses of radio waves. After all of this…

George Gamow first developed this theory with his student Ralph Alpher in 1963. As I mentioned before, it’s theorized that after the Big Bang cooled down a bit, protons and neutrons began to fuse together, and fused with electrons. Neutrons decay in about ten minutes, so within that time there was a set amount of elements created, including hydrogen, helium, and lithium. When astronomers measure the ratios of these…

or where they go in the atom. The proton, p+ and neutrons jiggle in the nucleus and quarks are jiggling within them. Electron orbits have different sub-levels, the s,p,d, and f orbitals. The strange quark is the third lightest of all quarks. The top quark is the truth quark and is a fundamental constituent of matter, a corpuscle is also like this but deals with light. The opposite of an electron or antielectron is a positron it has a positive charge. Protons and neutrons help classify atoms and…

According to archaeological evidence, dental caries went from rare to common when our ancestors began to farm.1 This fact will be important as we begin to study the characteristics of Streptococcus mutans that enables them to be the main initiators of dental caries in human subjects. The human mouth contains hundreds of species of bacteria, some improve oral health while some do not. Streptococcus mutans is one of the worst of these bacteria. “Streptococcus mutans [does] have a prominent,…

when additional factors are added. Two phases known as the light reactions and the Calvin cycle makeup photosynthesis. Plastoquinone shuttle, water oxidation, and NADP+ reduction are the major factors of the light reactions. Photosynthesis creates a proton gradient when pigments in the thylakoid membrane absorb light energy from the sun. The energy is then used to oxidize water which is the initial electron donor, and NADP+ acts as the final electron acceptor.…

Instabilities of the alar ligaments ought to be suspected when there is rotational instability between the occiput and the atlas vertebra clearly shown on computerized tomography examinations. The alar ligaments can be appeared on high resolution proton density weighted magnetic resonance images. Plain cervical radiographs…