Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In this experiment we used the alcohols methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, and tested the beet membranes at 0% alcohol concentration, 10% alcohol concentration, 20% alcohol concentration, 30% alcohol concentration, and 40% alcohol concentration. We used 0.5cm3 beet pieces throughout the entire experiment to keep the surface area constant in each alcohol. We then submerged one cube of the beet in each concentration of each alcohol for 15 minutes. We then found the concentration of Betacyanin in…

The structure of the blood is as follows: Four major parts Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. What is plasma it is made up of water 90%-92%? The fluid is the color as straw. The function of the blood system is to transport the dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide it rids the body of water products. The other thing that it transports is hormones, enzymes, nutrients like glucose, amino acids, micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. Then we…

environmental response to these two different conditions and observe any changes on the cell when it is immersed in a NaCl environment or a neutral H2O environment. My goal was to discover whether or not Blepharisma was able to function equally in both conditions and look for any differences in cell structure and cell movement. I first conducted an observational experiment with Blepharisma by simply observing the cells in 1 ml neutral sample of water at a 10x & 40x objective visual. As seen in…

Cells signals can be mainly described as chemical, prokaryotes have sensors capable of detecting nutrients which helps them find food these signals can either be long distance or short distance some of the short distance could be found in muscle cells and a long distance can be describe as the releasing of an egg in the ovaries. Cells have protein receptors which will bind to protein signaling molecules triggering a respond in the molecules. Different receptors are specific for different…

10 Helpful Ways To Get Annoying Wrinkles Out Of Your Pool Liner Wrinkles in a pool liner aren't just unsightly annoyances that drive you crazy every time you look at them, they can also be symptomatic of other, sometimes more serious issues. The following 10 steps can practically guarantee resolution to the oft perplexing problem of wrinkles in your pool liner. 1. Keep The Pool Topped Off If the water levels in your pool aren't high enough, this may cause the wrinkles in the liner that are…

Animal cell membranes are selectively permeable and allow certain substances in and out through passive or active transport. While plant cells have a cell wall to combat high concentrations of water, animal cells only have a cell membrane. This lack of support can make a hypotonic animal cell expand and burst. A hypertonic animal cell will undergo osmosis and release water eventually causing the cell to shrivel up and shrink. Both of these results make it extremely important for animal cells to…

the platelets and begins with a myeloid stem cell, which produces the progenitor cell when stimulated and becomes a megakaryoblast. The megakaryoblast responds to the hormone thrombopoietin and forms a megakaryocyte. The platelets are formed when small, membrane bound portions of cytoplasm break away. Leukopoiesis is the formation of white blood cells. The myeloid cell line forms granulocytes and monocytes, which share a common stem cell. The stem cell is stimulated by CSFs to make myeloblast,…

Objective 1: Develop a cell line expressing the duck viperin. In order to develop an avian model that is able to express the duck viperin with an advantage of stable and homogeneous expression, duck viperin with and without the C-terminal V5 tag was previously cloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1/Hygro+. Then, with the use of lipofectamine 2000, I stably transfected an empty vector and duck viperin tagged or untagged into DF-1 cells. In order to get a monoclonal stable cell…

the world. This project sheds light on the mystery novel that allows ZIKV invasion and infection the host cells. A penetration process of ZIKA virus occurs by binding with Gas6 protein or (Growth arrest-specific 6) that leads to activate the Axl protein and release a downstream cascade of signaling within the cells, moreover, Axl signaling plays a significant role in protecting the human cell from stranger guests through a marvelous process called fluid-phase uptake. The hypothesis is a ZIKA…

When there are genetic mutations that affect the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the outcome. CF was recently linked to CFTR defects, which is a major gene, found on the seventh chromosome. Cystic Fibrosis is not only the most common disease among those of Caucasian decent, but it also happens to be the most deadly inherited disease that affects more often Caucasian Americans. In the United States one in twenty among Caucasians are…