Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, and your favorite, Caffeine. The goal for the experiment was to determine where the drugs may reside according to their properties. We learned that there are parts in the cell that are more hydrophobic (water-fearing) and other parts that are hydrophilic (water-loving). The cell membrane is mostly hydrophobic and the cytosol is mostly hydrophilic. We made predictions of where the drugs would reach giving their chemical structure. This…

The sparking, luminescent and clear thing we call water is essential to almost every organism on planet Earth. Water so much more complicated and interesting than most people think. Water is made out of two hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom. Two major characteristics of water is cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion is the attraction of the water molecules to itself. Adhesion on the other hand is the attraction of water molecules to the substance that also have dipolar characteristics. The cohesion of…

plasma membrane, identifying at least two component macromolecules and describing what their basic function is within the membrane. The eukaryotic plasma membrane is a phospholipids bilayer containing proteins and carbohydrates attached to the proteins and sterols. It is a fluid phospholipids bilayer embedded with proteins and glycoprotein. The phospholipids bilayer is arranged in such a manner that they form the center of the membrane. They also contain sterols, which makes the membrane less…

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is a mitochondrial lipid dependent membrane bound enzyme and principle donor of free energy in the living system. Any alteration in membrane lipids leads to changes in membrane fluidity, which in turn alters the ATPase activity and cellular function. The use of ATPase level measurement was considered as an appropriate index of membrane damage. Pathological processes that interfere with the production of ATP may interfere with sodium pump activity, which in turn…

The cell is the basic unit of life and is the smallest structure that can live an independent life. In 1665, Robert Hook was the first person to identify cells and name them. He also noticed that plants were made up of cells and this finding introduced the beginning of cell theory. Cell theory summaries Hook’s findings that cells make up all living organism, can only be produced from pre-existing cells and are the smallest living organism. The size of the cells is due a dependence on diffusion…

living thing is made up of cells. “Cells are small compartments that hold the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and successful.” (“Cells are the Starting Point,” 2016) There are two types of cells called eukaryotic and prokaryotic. In order for the cell to survive, it requires environmental materials to create metabolism and to dispose of waste products within the cell. “All cells have an outer plasma membrane that regulates not only what enters the cell, but also how much…

Introduction The cell membrane provides a boundary between the intracellular environment and the extracellular environment. The membrane is selectively permeable only allowing some substances to pass through while some can’t. The cell membrane consists of two phospholipid bilayers. Each layer has an electrically charged, hydrophilic head, while the tail is an uncharged hydrophobic. The electrically charged head of these layers face toward the water as the uncharged tails face each other. This…

as scientist that the cell is the basic unit of life. The cell provides structure for the body, takes in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients to energy and carries out specialized functions. The cell is composed of many parts, all with different functions. The cell is made up of two major parts which include the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which can also be referred to as the nuclear membrane which is a bilayer membrane that encloses the…

flux across membranes prepared with different proportions of AC:Pectin (CP2 and CP3) and DBS concentrations. Mechanical properties are very important parameters in membranes and coatings. These properties determine the homogeneity, resistance and film forming capacity of the coating. In figure 8 we represent some of the more important mechanical parameters obtained by mean tensile test. Figure 8. Mechanical parameters of the EC:Pectin membranes obtained with CP2 and CP3. In the membranes…

1. Limitation of transdermal delivery system Skin as a barrier to drug transport Skin Barrier function is mainly due to the outermost few microns of skin namely Stratum Corneum, which is a unique biomembrane. This extremely thin membrane is the least permeable layer of the skin due to its remarkable composition of terminally differentiated keratinocytes (compressed keratin-filled corneocytes) anchored in the lipophilic matrix. The lipids in this lipophilic matrix are responsible for many…