Protestant Reformers

wanted to end the threats and name calling and to instead solve the issues with civilized debates, conducted by writing and discussions. To sum it all up, the author was trying to be the voice of reason or the mediator between the Catholics and Protestants, trying to come up with a more peaceful approach to find an understanding. The issues that…

Martin Luther Martin Luther is a name you have undoubtedly heard before. He was a German Reformer who effectively started the Reformation (though he was not the first reformer). He is primarily well known for teaching the true Christian doctrine of justification by faith alone in opposition to the Catholic church, who said faith and works where the path of salvation. He was persecuted and essentially on the run his entire life after starting the Reformation, but he did not recant and instead…

indulgences was getting out of hand, and that true devotion to faith was all that one required to get to heaven and to be faithful. When news of Luther’s theses spread around to the common people, a wide scale uprising took place and launched the Protestant Reformation. Because of Martin Luther’s ideas, Pope Leo X excommunicated him in 1521. Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to Worms to defend himself in the Diet of Worms. Luther was told that he could either recant what he had said, or he…

Essay Question Visuality (Renaissance and Baroque) The design of St Peter’s cathedral in Rome underwent a significant evolution from the time it was begun by Bramante at the beginning of the 16th century to the construction of Bernini’s monumental colonnades and oval piazza in front of the cathedral in the middle of the 17th century. During this time a series of significant architects oversaw the evolution of its design in a changing religious context. Maderno’s façade epitomized a key idea of…

Humanism movements that “was met with a push toward internal reform from within the Church itself. Together, these external and internal forces for change led to the schism within Western Christianity… known as the Protestant Reformation” (190). Oxtoby begins his discussion of the Protestant Reformation with a broad overview of the Churches influence within Europe at the time of the Reformation, as well as the cultural advances that were taking place throughout the continent. After setting up…

Dalley (4106454) American Public University System December 14, 2016 HIST121: Western Civilization before The Thirty Years War Professor Busek The Protestant Reformation dates back to the 16th century. This revolution touched political, religious and cultural aspects of life all over Europe. Martin Luther became the Father the Protestant Reformation, an event that strongly affected the influence of the Catholic Church across the continent, changing forever the unquestioned dominance of…

“Kingdom of God”, “the day of the LORD”, “the end of the world”, “the last judgment” and “a new heaven and a new earth.” These words are the image of eschatology, and eschatology is an important subject in the Bible. Even Donald K. McKim says that the theme of the Bible is the kingdom of God (McKim, 167). In the Gospel, Jesus taught about the kingdom of God in his whole life and ministry, and the kingdom of God is represented as “already, but not yet” (McKim, 170). John Calvin, a 16th century…

three offspring who all had (to some degree) different beliefs and different supporters, succession disputes were inevitable. In 1553, when Edward VI was dying, there was an attempt to prevent Mary from succeeding the throne and so keep England Protestant. This rebellion is known now as “Northumberland’s Coup”, after John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland who had seen his power grow during Edwards’s short reign and was, understandably, reluctant to lose this power. He was also keen to help his…

Following the inceptive imperial coronation of Charlemagne 400 years after the widespread adoption of Christianity (c. 800 AD), the new theocratic government of the Holy Roman Empire was faced with a monumental challenge: reconciling their subject’s god given freewill with law. As the defining institution of the Holy Roman Empire, the religious schemas taught by Church’s became inextricably wound with politics. One by one, laws were enforced with divine benediction, repurposing the already…

From the 14th to the 18th century, the world experienced significant changes. Each century was defined by it’s own intellectual developments, varying from music and art, to politics and economics. From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, certain ideas and beliefs were sources of different conflicts and resolutions that impacted western culture forever. The 13th and 14th centuries, known as the Late Middle Ages, were a time of struggle. Politically, this time period was a mess. The hundred…