Protein

co-immunoprecipitation of HEK293T cells stably expressing FLAG-RagB who are starved from 50mins and then re-stimulated with glutamine for 10mins and immunoblot for endogenous FLCN levels. If FLCN is glutamine sensitive, you should see a transition from protein interaction between FLCN and RagB seen under…

Phosphonates as inhibitors for Pks13-TE Hypothesis for the aim 1 of the proposed project is that the fluorinated α–Aminophosphonates as a covalent irreversible inhibitor for the Mtb Pks13-TE by scission of the P-C bond. Previous studies have shown the fluorinated aminophosphonates (FAPs) demonstrated serine esterases inhibition via scission of the P-C bond as shown in Figure 2.1.A 4. FAPs are known to irreversibly inhibit serine esterases such as acetylcholinesterase16 , neuropathy target…

the hormone goes through a certain process of two steps. The hormone binds to receptors on the nuclear membrane once it is inside the cell that produces an activated hormone-receptor complex that binds to DNA, activating genes that increase the protein production. The action of small, lipid-soluble steroid hormones does not occur by second messenger. Being lipid soluble causes the hormones to pass directly through the target cell’s plasma membrane. Once inside, the hormones pass through the…

The APOE gene, located on chromosome 19, is a gene that helps in the creation of apolipoprotein E to help to form molecules called lipoproteins, this protein forms the lipo-proteins by combining with lipids in the body. By forming lipo-proteins, apolipoprotein E participates in the responsibility of managing cholesterol and carrying it, and other fats, through the bloodstream. By maintaining cholesterol, it helps to act as a prevention against disorders that can hurt the cardiovascular system,…

are phylogenetically subdivided into two groups, type I and type II. The main difference between them is that type I NPVs contain the fusion protein GP64, needed for virus entry into the cell and for cell-to-cell transmission, while type II NPVs lack GP64 and instead contain a generic fusion protein, called F protein, with the same role as GP64. This protein can also be found in some vertebrate viruses (Szewczyk et al.,…

The Effects of Cystic Fibrosis on Cell Signaling Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive genetic condition that causes the mutation of the CFTR gene, which contains instructions for making CFTR proteins. CFTR proteins regulate the transport of chloride in and out of cells; if the proteins don’t work properly, the cells are left with a high salt concentration and take up liquid from mucus in attempts to reach equilibrium.The disease most commonly affects the respiratory and digestive systems. In…

different body tissues. The responses which are triggered by hormones depends not only on those hormones, but also on the target cell. When the target cell receives the hormone signal, it can respond to them in the different ways like: stimulation of protein synthesis or secretion of the products and activation or deactivation of enzymes. The target cell activation depends equally on three factors, the blood level of the hormone, the relative number of the receptors for that hormone on the…

(2007) states that “Eggs are used for other purposes besides food. For example, they are used in vaccine preparation and for other laboratory purposes.” (pg. 118). Eggs are used in many bakeries since they are a great base in recipes. The egg’s protein becomes solid and can expand when heated, making things like cakes fluffy. Making use of the entire egg in a recipe gives the product moisture and a firm texture. In addition, eggs are a main part of what keeps ice crystals from forming in ice…

As macromolecular machines, enzymes conduct their designated work in the confined and crowded spaces inside living cells. How does a protein work in such a condition? Functions of proteins are strongly dependent on their structural stability and dynamics while the (macro) molecular interactions are arguably affected by the complexity and diversity of their environments. To date, two interrelated cellular conditions — ‘macromolecular crowding’ resulted from the effect of volume exclusion by…

different types of enzymes on different substrates, and how pH influences the ability of enzymes to breakdown proteins. Starch and albumin were used as the substrate to test the enzymes amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and unknown enzyme T. Lugol’s solution was used to test for the presence of undigested starch, while Biuret solution and Ninhydrin solution were used to test for the presence of undigested protein and amino acids respectively. There were many key findings in this experiment, one of which…