Protein structure

Macromolecules are large molecules that are composed of smaller units. The four major macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbon is the primary component of the four macromolecules. Carbon's molecular structure allows it to bond in many different ways and with many different elements. A Monomer is an atom or small molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a Polymer Different monomers make up a polymer. Polymers combine to make a molecule, and…

on its structure and function and secondly, on the conformational changes it undergoes during retinal isomerisation. Introduction Bacteriorhodopsin is a globular protein, (Henderson, 1975) which acts as a light driven proton- pump located in the native purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. It was first discovered by Stoechenius and his lab in 1979 (Stoeckenius, 1979). Although Henderson and Unwin had already made a three-dimensional map of…

can occur, and it will inform you about how helpful and harmful mutations really are. Mutation is a change that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, gene or structure, due to mistakes that occur when the DNA is transcripted or because of environmental changes. Mutation occurs when there is a mistake in the DNA structure or when an uncomplimentary base is found in the DNA. As a result there are different amino acids which can stop the codon. Mutation can form because of natural causes…

Additionally, carbon can form strong bonds with itself and many other elements. This unique characteristic permits carbon to make diverse, large, and complex molecules. Furthermore, many components in the human body consist of carbon, such as water, protein, DNA and many more. Life processes and functions could not work if there was no carbon.Carbon forms complex, large, and diverse compounds. As a result, life on earth would not be possible without carbon. As technology grows, carbon based…

This writing presents the structure of proteins, their importance for life and processes under which they are made. It will also describe two groups of proteins and give some examples. Proteins (also called polypeptides, peptides or amino acids) are large polymers and main components of cells. They are produced by condensation reaction from amino acid monomers, therefore proteins are called condensation polymers. Each protein is formed by a unique sequence of 20 naturally occurring amino…

is a part of a series of connected 'hallways' that carry materials to various parts of the cytoplasm. The RER has many ribosomes attached to it and it is tasked with creating proteins. The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER) is also a part of connected 'hallways that transport materials. However, instead of creating proteins, it has no ribosomes and it instead is the place where lipids…

species owe their success to various forms of anti-freeze proteins. Within Northern Atlantic resident species, there are six classes of Anti-Freeze Proteins (AFPs), generally categorized by molecular size, structure and effectiveness. AFPs are a remarkable exhibition of convergent evolution – there are vast multitudes of AFPs, all present in species with no significant common ancestry. Additionally, there is no ‘common ancestry’ in the proteins themselves; some are fibrous, some are globular,…

divides, the cell’s attachment the cells within a tissues, the morphogenesis of the cell’s 3D structures, and how the cell polarizes. In addition, the proteins check to make sure the number of chromosomes in cell division is correct. APC primarily completes its roll through protein association. It usually associates with other proteins that play a role in cell signaling and attachment. Beta-catenin proteins are especially regulated by APC.…

Today I will be writing about the protein that I was assigned which was Structural Protein. What is your protein? What are they used for? They are used to build structural components of the body such as bones and cartilage. They are mostly found in larger cells. These proteins provide keratins, actin and support. I will be talking about why this protein is important and what does it do. The shape of a protei determines its function and there also a lot of different levels. An example of the…

classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Macromolecules are polymers which are built up by monomers. Monomers become polymers from the process dehydration reaction and polymers are broken apart by the process hydrolysis. Macromolecules are critically important to all living organisms because they perform basic functions necessary for an organism to live. Firstly, carbohydrates, constructed from polysaccharides, are used to store energy or for structure. For example,…