Protein methods

Introduction: Genetic transformation refers to the procedure in which a portion of foreign genetic material is implanted into a cell and becomes evident through change in appearance or function. This process may appear naturally, or by methods such as projectile bombardment, electroporation, or heat shock. Projectile bombardment occurs when cells in a culture are blasted by pellets that are covered with the DNA they are hoping to insert into the cell. It works as a type of gene gun.…

Alongside CRISPR-Cas9 in site specific genome editing are ZFNs and TALENs. ZFNs are a DNA-binding motif assembled as ββα that utilizes a roughly thirty amino acid protein with DNA recognizing amino acids at the alpha helix (Gaj, Gersbach, & Barbas, 2013). These groups of amino acids usually recognize DNA in segments of three. This does not present much specificity in a genome. Therefore multiple DNA-binding motifs need to be combined to create specificity and result in highly specific…

Biology Matching Terms DNA- is the replication of your parents and ancestors genes RNA- is the transcription of dna, ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis. Translation- process in which RNA is synthesized from the template DNA. Transcription- process in which RNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled. Replication- method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand.…

paxillin played in lamellipodia formation, and how paxillin affected the barrier that surrounds a cell. This would be a step toward finding out how much of an effect that proteins have in the restoration of the outer barrier of a cell. If scientist could figure this out, another step could be taken to figure out how to use proteins to fix cells. They did not want to test this theory on all types of cells, so they chose to only focus on human lung microvascular endothelial cells, or HLMVEC for…

concerned gene. This prevents the degradation of mutated mRNA. The artificial mRNA is therefore stable and the fusion protein therefore can be translated its presence is demonstrated. If the integration of the construct is linked to change in phenotypic expression, the next step is to identify the responsible genes. Since the sequence of reporter gene is now known the suitable methods (RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends) can be used to find out the sequence. REPORTER GENES: • The…

Prions, endospores, and mycobacterium all are extremely resistant to antimicrobial treatment. Prions are extremely small, even smaller than viruses. Heat or formaldehyde aren’t very effective against prions. Endospores are extremely resistant to harsh conditions as well. They can survive heat up to 100 degrees C, drying, radiation, and majority of chemicals. Mycobacterium are extremely resistant due to their waxy cell wall. This cell wall blocks many things from entering the bacteria, making it…

Jocelyn Chan Cell Bio Bites Topic: Ribosomal Function and Ricin – Why is this product of castor beans so lethal? Define the key terms (scientific words) in your own words. (notes or textbook can be used as sources) Ricin toxin A (RTA) → toxic protein from seeds of castor plants. Subunit A depurinates adenine in cells Mutants → The process of a gene or chromosome being altered Apoptosis → cell suicide Cell signaling → oversees cellular activities and directs cell actions Signal transduction…

chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was described to identify and quantify pregabalin in human plasma. Silylation and acylation reaction were tried for derivatization of pregabalin before GC-MS analysis. Derivatization was achived using N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Identification and quantification of a new derivative were performed in selected ion monitoring mode using electron impact ionization. Pregabalin was extracted from plasma by protein…

bacterial protein, a molecule that performs most functions within cells (the general units of life). Erica J. Washington and her team used methods such as the use of microscopes, separation of proteins based on size, and production of the 3D experimental protein by utilizing closely related proteins as models. Using these techniques, they could determine where the protein in question performed its function, determine amount of ethylene production as well as the impact of the protein on other…

material that was extracted from the Chromosomal DNA from E coli in laboratory 9. DNase is used to help extract the Sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA. DNase should only cleave DNA not RNA but DNase can classify contaminated RNA from chromosomal DNA. Methods A. preparation :E. coli was used to extract the DNA as instructed in laboratory 9 to use in the experiment on analyzing in this experiment. There was 500 μL of the DNA material extracted from laboratory 9 to use for testing. B.…