Protein biosynthesis

A relationship with numbers and codes is my fate. I learned math for an Olympic Mathematics Competition that I’ve been involved in since I was 9 years old. I became familiar with algorithms like congruence, Horner algorithm and graph theory before I could use a computer. Now as a senior in the school of mathematics at XX University, one of the top three mathematical schools in China. I chose math as my major to build a good mathematical foundation to thoroughly learn about computer science. With…

material - DNA that makes up the genes and chromosome. The Ribosome: ~Made of dozens of different proteins as well as RNA, also found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. Ribosome are typically composed of two subunits: • Large subunit • Small subunit “ Free” Ribosome makes proteins that remain inside the cell, “Bound’’ Ribosome make proteins that are exported from the cell. ~Protein Synthesis ~Chemical reactions is molecules that are brought into contact with one another.…

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a homodimeric enzyme complex that is commonly found in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to all tissues of the human body. AP is a zinc metalloenzyme (1), in which metal ions play a key role in the regulation of catalytic activities and stabilization of enzyme-substrate complex. As proposed by Gettins and Coleman using NMR studies (10), each active site of AP comprises of three metal binding sites, which acknowledged as M1, M2, and M3. Two zinc ions bind to…

increases the ranges of non-canonical amino acids. It is shown that misacetylationi in polypeptides show an increase in specific disease. Site-specific incorporation of genetic code reprogramming have demonstrated powerful techniques for investigation proteins and as a tool for biologically-mediated organic chemical synthesis of peptides. The replacement of amino acids with the non-canonical amino acid allows scientist to understand the role of a specific amino acid in the polypeptide molecules.…

Due to limited time constraints and having lab only once a week this lab was broken up into five periods, the last one specifically to go over the results. Day one consisted of extraction of plasmid DNA, which we used Resuspension Buffer to break up our pellet after removing the supernatant (liquid) after centrifuging our overnight culture. Then Lysis Buffer was used to break down the membrane of the cells so that we could then add Neutralization Buffer to bring our sample from basic to neutral…

molecular mechanism of invasion, survival and pathogenesis. F.alocis ATCC 35896 and D-62D strain have variation in their protein profile. F.alocis genome has a total of 15 different proteases. These proteases may be membrane bound or extracellular. Among membrane bound proteases CaaX proteases are present in both the strains. In S.gordonii these proteases are known to play a role in protein transportion and protection of bacteria from bacteriocins. Protease HMPREF0389_00122 is present in the…

as common. Finally, amino acid sequences of proteins…

They are made within the nucleolus from 60% RNA and 40% protein, and consist of two subunits, one large and one small. When produced, the subunits stay separate to exit through the nuclear pores: it is only because of their miniscule size that they can fit through. Many ribosomes then bind themselves to the RER, although some stay free in the cytoplasm. Free and bound ribosomes both create polypeptide chains, which are used to make proteins. To create a polypeptide chain the large and small…

DNA known as protospacers indicative of particular bacteriophages encountered by bacteria. These sequences are then used as a template for RNAs capable of recognizing viral DNA within a cell and as a means to bind the endonuclease CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). These complexes allow the enzyme to be shuttled to the target DNA to perform a cut on one or both strands of the foreign DNA in either of the enzyme’s two active sites. Recently, scientists have repurposed this bacterial defense…

Cellular Respiration takes place on the level of the cell, inside the mitochondria. This is the process of breaking down food in the presence of oxygen to form ATP. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate which is an energy bearing molecule found in all living cells1. Things such as bacteria can perform this with their outer membranes. When a person runs, they use cellular respiration to create energy in the form of ATP which allows their muscles to move. Many other energy-consuming reactions of…