Prostaglandin

Prostaglandins are one group of eicosanoids. They are unsaturated fatty acids derivatives that are involved in the contraction of smooth muscle, the control of homeostatic activities such as, inflammation and body temperature, and many more functions of the body. Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid. The formation of the both the arachidonic acid, then prostaglandin molecules begins with a stimulus to a cell, that activates a membrane enzyme called phospholipase A2. The arachidonic acid metabolized from the phospholipase is now the substrate for one enzyme during the process of production . The enzyme cyclooxygenase or (COX) transforms the arachidonic acid. The product of this reaction continues to go through an enzymatic reaction…

EVALUATING THE EXPRESSION 15-HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE IN COLON CANCER TREATED WITH ASPIRIN According to the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) men (black men more specifically) in the United States have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer as compared to women. Colon cancer (colorectal cancer) is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum due to the abnormal cell proliferation caused by Prostaglandin E2(PGE2). PGE2 is increased or stimulated by…

solution that replaced the acetylated salicylic acid with acetylsalicylic acid which is now known under the household name of “Aspirin” (Kimbrough 8). But aspirin has many more uses than just pain relief, it can deal with inflammation and fever reduction. While many people believe that aspirin and ibuprofen are the same drug, they have different chemical makeups but are all part of a group called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs. It is important to know why aspirin provides the…

plentiful and they include the genetic improvement of the herd due to the use of artificial insemination using semen from superior bulls, decreases the calving period, may reduce the inter-calving period, shortens the breeding season and allows for the marketing of calves of uniform age, size and weight. Synchronisation of oestrus in cattle makes use of the administration of exogenous sources of endocrine hormones that are involved in the reproductive cycle. The three major hormones used include…

particular ones in question are secreted during the body’s immune system response to bacteria and other pathogens in injuries. In cases of injuries, prostaglandins exist around the wound, and this leads to pain and inflammation. During bacterial infections, however, they are produced by the hypothalamus, resulting in an increase in body temperature. The therapeutic effect of aspirin stems from suppressing the secretion of prostaglandins. As observed, aspirin inhibits the secretion of…

dominant source of prostaglandins for gastric epithelial cytoprotection (Whittle et al., 1980). Thus, an NSAID which selectively reduces the activity of COX-2 while sparing the protective effects of COX-1 activity would be preferred. The coxib class of drugs selectively inhibit…

A method of estrus synchronization is the use of progestin, which can include vaginal implants or oral products, which will trigger the estrous cycle in cows and heifers (Rasby & Deutscher 2016). The treatment, which will inhibit estrus and therefore ovulation for up to 14 days, is often followed by the introduction of prostaglandin or gonadotrophins (Mallory et al. 2010; Powell et al. 2012). The use of progestin while synching a herd is recommended if many of the animals will be anestrus as…

Inflammation is an essential part and highly regulated response to injury that promotes healing and provides protection against infection. Inflammation is frequently painful and hot, which can be easily controlled by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In 2012, 98 million NSAIDs were prescribed in the U.S. (“Treating Osteoarthritis and Pain” www.consumerreports.com) NSAIDs are commonly used to treat pain and reduce fever and inflammation by reducing the amount of prostaglandins the body makes.…

normal response to injury, infection, or irritation of living tissue. Redness, tenderness, pain and swelling of the affected area re characteristics of the inflammation process. Minor inflammations may occur as the result of a break in the skin. The more severe forms of inflammation are usually associated with rheumatic disorders such as arthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce inflammation but are not related to steroids which also reduce inflammation. NSAIDs work by…

Drug is a substance that is used for diagnosis, cure, treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease. It is either a natural product, pharmaceutical preparation or chemical substance. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treating inflammation which is characterized by four cardinal signs: redness, pain, swelling and warmth. Most of anti-inflammatory drugs work by inhibiting prostaglandins secretion. Prostaglandins are the chemicals that responsible for promoting inflammation, fever and pain.…