Proof

burden to the defendant. In its shift from the general maxim of - ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat (the burden of proof rests on the person who affirms, not the one who denies), it furthers the principle of equity, which is a widely acknowledged aspect of the common law system. This maxim make a departure from the general rule, and shifts the burden of proof…

1 What does Aristotle mean by the use of ‘example’? Aristotle says that argument by Example has the nature of induction, which is the foundation of reasoning. There are two varieties; one consisting in the mention of actual past facts, the other in the invention of facts by the speaker. Illustrative parallel and the fable are the two varieties (Aristotle, pg. 109-110). An example of using actual past facts would be saying that we must prepare for war against Germany and not let them conquer…

highlighting central ideas and scribbling down confusions and random thoughts at the margin. I remember laying out the central arguments and supporting details on a piece of blank paper and weaving arrows around as if I were analyzing a mathematical proof. And I remember discussing and exchanging ideas (sometimes fervently) with the professor and classmates in and after class. I look back very fondly on my first encounter with philosophy at Cornell, and look forward to taking Philosophy of Mind…

Colonization appears in many texts, but three that are significant are Things Fall Apart, Rabbit-Proof Fence, and Lagaan. Colonization affects many cultural components and it can also force the colonized to adapt to new cultures, which prompts conflict between those who are in revolt and the colonizers while resulting in the outcome of a serious tragedy such as death. In the novel, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, it may seem as if the focus is on a single main character, but it is on a…

Abortion Pro-choice v's Pro-life has been an argument fought about for a long time. This argument is fully based on morals, and or what one person believes he or she should have the ability to make decisions about. Abortion has been legalized in all 50 states of America. Although it has been legalized, each state has the power to deny abortions (unless the health of the mother is at risk) through a law called the trigger law. Each state has different regulations on abortion. Virginias laws…

protect you.” (Act One) In this Reverend Hale points out that these accusations will be based on what Tituba is being told by God. The actions of a Greater Power will be argued until the ends of the earth, but the fact remains that there is no physical proof that this being exists. Without the credentials proven, the statements of these convictions are nothing more than hearsay. The absence of the accusers evidence is not the presence of…

instructions)? Jurors do rather well in understanding the criteria of proof for aggravating factors, as the criteria of proof fit with their expectations (Luginbuhl, 1992) Luginbuhl said revised instructions should put the life-or-death decision in context for jurors by explaining, for example, crucial differences between mitigating and aggravating factors. Jurors do much more poorly in their comprehension of the requirement of proof for mitigating circumstances. Significant minorities (and…

definite proof to prove He exists. It has been such a controversial topic that to this day there is still no universally accepted answer. A scientific point of view and a religious point of view, both have their own reasons and speculations and although some points are mutually accepted, there is no mutual answer to this question. A great majority in the scientific side will believe God does not exist while the religious side disagrees and vice versa as long as both sides have no solid proof. By…

way we see certain things. Not everything is true, unless there is proof. The Renaissance was truly a changing period in history, because without this, who knows what we would be thinking by now. Now that we are informed that we live in a heliocentric universe, other scientists could be experimenting right now and attempting to be the next Galileo Galilei. Now, people do not trust what they are told, but they required scientific proof before they start believing. Galileo has made a number of…

William Shakespeare is believed to be one of the greatest playwrights in history. His plays are performed everywhere in the world today and students of all ages read and write papers about the plays he is credited for writing. What if, however, William Shakespeare did not write any of the plays that the people of this world give him today? What if someone else wrote them and William Shakespeare stole the works? What if another playwright used William Shakespeare as a public figure to hide his…