Probability theory

The VCE mathematics topic that I have chosen is Probability, in Mathematical Methods Unit 1 Area Study 4: Probability and Statistics (VCAA, 2015). The first section presents a literature review of student learning probability. It also addresses the common pitfalls that may impede their learning. The second section outlines a unit plan for teaching probability based on the new VCE study design. Sample activities worksheets and assessment tasks are included in the appendices. Literature Review: Learning Probability Given the emphasis of this study area, this review focuses primarily on learning probability, but make little reference to learning statistics, except to acknowledge that probability forms a salient foundation for developing statistical…

There is no inventor, known contributors, and early uses. For instance, one can find the true and false values for a computer program. P(A|B) = P (A (B) / P (B) is the conditional probability representation. In additional, truth tables and probability are today uses. Bayes Theorem is the final concept in statistics, which is defined as the description of the probability of events based on related conditions. Thomas Bayes developed P (A|B) = P (B|A) (P (A) / P (B) where Pierre-Simon Laplace…

Transaction utility theory Jha-Dang (2004) explains that the concept of transaction utility state that the total utility derived from a purchase comprised of acquisition utility and transaction utility. He describes acquisition utility as the expected utility gained from acquiring the product (i.e. benefits of the product) compared to the cost of paying for it (i.e. the price of the product); while transaction utility is the difference between the internal reference price and purchase price of…

1 Introduction Many praises have been used to describe Black-Scholes’ pricing theory, which is the most successful and widely used in the application. Although the elegant Black-Scholes’ theory is, there is an absolute disadvantage(Heston 1993). The strong assumption of constant volatility cannot express high peak and flat tail character of derivatives, and the relative between the spot return and the variance. Therefore, there are several theories try to extend and modify the original…

The Haybaler Problem In The Haybaler Problem we were trying to see how much each bale of hay weighed, and if there is more than one answer. There were 5 bales of hay in total, and when put together they would equal 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, and 91. So I decided to start doing guess and check like this: A+B=80 and then substituting numbers like 39+41=80. I did it like this because I needed to come up with at least one number to start off. I tried different numbers like 39, 38, 40, and…

Probability concepts like faith, as it exists in the dim intuition, through school education, the surface of that understanding, intuition often conflicts that again with a different point of view, must be thinking more in-depth study to be able to understand. Hot Monty Hall problem, and that is one example. There is not a simple probability, long confused with so many people and academics, the more deeply ponder the problems found. Since 1990, 1991 flared up in hot to 2000, there are more…

Axiom of choice was formulated by Zermelo in 1904 and is known as Zermelo’s axiom of choice. This axiom stated that we can choose a member from each set in a collection of nonempty disjoint sets, C (Schechter, 2009). Additionally, according to Janes (2008), there exists a set X which consisting of one element taken from each set belonging to Y given that any nonempty set Y members are pairwise disjoint sets. Taking a role as a basic assumption used in many parts of mathematics as stated by…

/* 1 */ - This variable is equal to a constructor function called Winston. A constructor function is a function that is called everytime a new instance of this variable is created The parameters of this specific function are nickname, age, x, and y. /* 2 */ - In this line, this. refers to the current object instance which in this case is nickname. It is basically saying that the nickname property of this is equal to whatever is passed in the constructor function itself. This object is…

product. Hence, the first partial product is 110111100. All of the partial products will have nine bits length. Next, the second partial product is determined by next three bits i.e. multiply by 2. Multiply by 2 means the multiplicand value has to shift left one bit. So, the second partial product is 001000100. Similarly the third partial product has to multiply by 1. So, the third partial product is the multiplicand value namely 000100010. The fourth partial product is determined by next three…

test different ranking algorithms and will provide results so we can show how the Information Gain Ranking filter will outperform the other algorithms for attribute selection in our data set. The Information Gain Ranking filter is an entropy based filter that helps us to identify the gain of the attributes. For example an Entropy for i classes can be defined as: Entropy is very often employed, generally in the information theory measure. It is the foundation of the Information Gain Attribute…