Probability distribution

path between node i and node j at moment t. m is the number of ants.Cmin is the minimum of product of distance and traffic density between the two junctions. In the process of planning path,the kth(k=1,2,...,m) ant chooses next junction based on probability S = [τij(t)]. [ij]…

position offsets from the INS position each time it is started. Point Mass Filter (PMF) PMF is a calculation that determines the position probability density function (PDF), as said by (N. Bergman, 1999). The point mass filter estimator the priori position distributions together with the error models of the depth measurements and the map to produce a posteriori probability…

Quantitative risk analysis is the one which follows the Qualitative analysis, and gives a numerical priority rating to project risks (PMI, 2009). Based on the PMBOK (PMI, 2013) quantitative risk analysis “… is the process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives (p. 333).” This is also a process for the PM and project team to get risk data to support making decisions, which can help to reduce project uncertainties (PMI, 2013, p. 333). Based on the…

the links are Q=2mn. The rewiring algorithm includes Q steps, and at each step i, link i are chosen and rewired to a node randomly chosen over the graph with the intra-modular rewiring probability P, provided that multi-link and self-loops are prohibited. The probability P is the intra-modular rewiring probability in this modular network.…

How to Bet on Boxing in the UK Boxing is an immensely popular sport because it speaks to the instinctive nature of man. There is nothing like watching two ripped men get into to the ring and go at it until one is out for the count. However, aside from the brute force of the sport, there is a great art to it as well. Like the game of chess, players have to understand how to gracefully move and ensure the hit goes one way. It’s this mix of masculinity and grace that draws so many to the sport…

pie chart, respectively. According to the “Histogram of Test Scores”, Appendix A(2), the data can be described as normally distributed. The descriptive statistics result for the variable “Test Scores” in Appendix A (1), also indicates that the distribution is symmetric around the mean, with the mean value of 52.6 points and the median 51 points. This shows that the data values appear to be close to the center of the data and that…

factor discussed was the discovery that computations can be utilized to measure observational error, by and astronomer, Lambert Adolphe Quetelet. This discovery led to the development of the normal distribution curve utilized today (Cowles & Davis, 2016). Following the development of the normal distribution curve, a measure of variability known as probable error was discovered (Cowles & Davis, 2016). This discovery was the second factor mentioned by Cowles and Davis (2016) that contributed to…

impact of the attack would cause fewer childten to have the means to enroll in college. However some where divided on the impact it would have on enlistment as wether it would increase due to patriotistic sentiment or decrease with them rise in probability of actual engagement. An unidentified polling organization arranged to a sample to see this change. From 5 cities in Upstate New York a random high school was collected. Then the guidance counselor of the high schools randomly selected…

writers believe that the distribution of income among all residents in the United States is at its worst. The writers in this unit are aware of the unfair income distribution in United States therefore, these writers would support the raise of taxes on the wealthy. Throughout his essay “We are the 99.9 percent”, Paul Krugman uses politics and statistics to support his argument that the 0.01% should be paying more tax. Krugman uses these statistics to explain the unequal distribution of wealth…

Variance refers to how far apart the data points are in relation to the mean. It is helpful when calculating the probability of future events. Standard deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are and we use the variance of data to calculate it. In order to calculate the standard deviation you take the square root of the sample variance. The combination of standard…