Probability density function

Titanium bones are the implants that doctors use when a bone is broken to badly to heal naturally. The natural way for a bone to heal is in a cast and take time for the bone to heal but titanium implants help the bones that can not do that. Titanium is used in the body because it is lightweight, sturdy and it would last long because it is durable. Titanium bones have been worn away with time especially at the hip and elbow joints but scientist are working on a way for titanium bones to become a…

Women have advanced in the Armed Forces progressively since World War II. Deseret Storm was a starting point in realizing that women could be an asset, not a detriment, to demanding military positions. Still, any combat related job within each branch had a rule of no females. That all changed in December 2015 when the United States Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter stated that all roles in the military were now open to women. This allows women to try out and be a part of the elite positions…

Fibrous dysplasia is a skeletal disorder in which bone forming cell fail to mature and produce too much fibrous or connective tissue. Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone disorder in which scar tissue develops in place of normal bone. This can weaken the affected bone and cause it to fracture.Fibrous dysplasia is linked to a gene mutation that affects the cells that produce bone. The mutation occurs after conception, in the early stages of fetal development. Which means the mutation isn't inherited…

ability to survive and reproduce. When this occurs within an isolated population such as Isle Royale the end result of extinction among the individuals is almost inevitable over time. This new habitat that they were stuck in had a low population density and was very detrimental to the wolves because they typically live together in a clumped population distribution. This specific situation has all the wrong parts associated with it because now the gene pool is stuck to these specific individuals…

of roasting grains so that they could be stored without sprouting. These technological advancements helped hunter-gatherers ease into the new “agricultural revolution”. Third, was a great increase in human population. A gradual rise in population densities impelled people to obtain more food. With more food ultimately came more people, so a positive outcome of the “agricultural revolution” was a higher human population. Lastly and pretty rhetorical, is the demise of hunter-gathers. Of course…

Fractures of the capitellum humeri are rare injuries. High prevalence of this injury is found in women being 4 times more often than in men [10,31] and it has been suggested that this may be related to the greater carrying angle of the female elbow and weaker bones (osteoporosis)[11]. These injuries occur in young population and the female predominance in present series coincides well with the reported literature [31]. Capitellar fracture patients usually present with pain and swelling of the…

Age is a primary cause for knee and hip replacement surgeries. As we get older, our joints naturally become more susceptible to breakdowns in cartilage and a loss of bone density. Osteoarthritis, sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease is an abnormal medical condition that causes deterioration, pain, swelling or stiffness of bones and joints. Although osteoarthritis affects all age groups, the condition is seen most often in the older population. This could be for various reasons.…

implant failures. The occurrence of severe skeletal loss requires the stability provided by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). In a biomechanical study which investigated the treatment of osteoporotic trochanteric patients, femurs which had the lowest bone density showed a significant improvement in the initial fixation stability and total displacement of the femoral head was reduced by 39% on average in the group with the modified sliding hip screw (SHS) and PMMA compared to the standard SHS group…

Fracture is defined as a discontinuity of the bone [1]. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon treats traumatic injuries. Most of the traumatic injuries are comprised of Mandibullar fractures. The most commonly fracture site in the body is the facial area [2, 3] and the most frequent site in the facial area is mandible [4, 5]. As facial area is without protective covering and the mandible is the most protruded bone this area. The occurrence of injuries in the facial area tends to be high in the facial…

Osteomalacia Vitamin D is a key player in calcium absorption, and deficiency can lead to decreased calcium absorption, which can, in turn, cause bone diseases such as rickets or osteomalacia. (Nair, 2010, para. 4) Osteomalacia refers to a softening of bones that are often caused by a vitamin D deficiency which make bones more susceptible to bowing and fracturing. Osteomalacia is not the same as osteoporosis, osteomalacia results from a defect in the bone-building process, while osteoporosis…