Probability and statistics

2013) . For example, looking at the box plot it clear that the frequency is up to 75, but the outliers are displayed (beyond the range of data) 76 or more in this data signify a problem in the data (Triola, 2008) . Descriptive Statistics Figure 2 Descriptive Statistics Figure…

3.5 Analytical Methods 3.5.1 Characterization of smallholder apiarists Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean difference of socio-economic characteristics between the apiarists. The variables considered were; age of household head (measured in years), gender (given by the sex of household head (male=1, female=0), education level of household head (number of years of formal education attained by the household head). Others were: farming experience (measured number of years in…

Non-mathematics majors doing statistics at university level in Cyprus: Factors behind their performance Nowadays, statistics education is ubiquitous at all education levels and across various disciplines (Scheaffer, 2002; Ben-Zvi and Garfield; 2010). Statistics courses have been incorporated into the curriculum programs in higher education institutions from the beginning of the 20th century (Verhoeven, 2009; Emmioğlu, 2011). A large proportion of university students are required to undertake…

MIAA showed a correlation of -0.026, meaning there is no correlation between the two variables. The statistical tests used were both a bootstrap test and a randomization hypothesis test for a correlation. Figure 1. Scatter plot and summary statistics from the sample data. This display has the time in seconds on the X-axis and the distance in miles on the Y-axis. Then, to examine if the distance traveled has any impact on the speed of the athlete, a randomization hypothesis test…

everyday life statistics are used in some form probably more than we realize. At home, you could be keeping a running average of your utility bills to see if differences appear. If you are looking at paying off your mortgage five years early, you will need to calculate the amount needed to accomplish this achievement. Some of us that may have purchased stocks will keep stats on the highs and lows of their investments to help determine a time to possibly sale the stock. The use of statistics…

QP engaged Shonquasia in participating in a CBT activity geared towards responsible decision making. QP explained to Shonquasia that the activity will enhance her ability to make good decisions. QP explained to Shonquasia what inactive decision making style is provide an example. QP asked Shonquasia if she puts off making difficult decision. QP asked Shonquasia to explain what reactive decision style is and provide an example. QP discussed with Shonquasia what proactive decision is provide an…

erupt for the observation with the greater risk of tooth eruption. The log-rank test yielded a p-value of 1 for the comparison of the two survival curves in Figure 1.This suggest similar behaviour between the observed probabilities of tooth eruption and the predicted Survival probabilities from the CoxPH model. Hence, we conclude that the multivariate survival model fitted above has a high predictive power. The hazard ratio of M1 relative to I1 is 1.89 whereas the hazard ratio of other teeth…

that is influenced by sample size. Slide 8: Another term that you will report about your statistical results or findings is the ‘degrees of freedom.’ This term refers to how many values are free to vary in a set of values if we know the summary statistic and the number of values in the set; how many values would we need to know in order to deduce the remaining values. It is sued to compensate for the bias that occurs when calculating for large standard deviations found in small sample sizes.…

Answer the following question: Define the term statistical hypothesis. A hypothesis that is testable on the basis of a process being observed through a set of random variables. Define the terms null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. The term null hypothesis refers to a general statement or a default position in which there is no relationship between two measured phenomena or no difference among groups.In other words, it is a simple hypothesis that is related to a contradiction to a theory…

include dichotomous questions. Sampling: My target population and the sampling frame are children ages twelve to eighteen, in grades sixth through twelfth grade, which are in disadvantaged environments, according to the United States Census. Probability sampling will be used so that it can be known in advance how likely it is that certain element of the population will be selected for the sample. Along with that, stratified random…