Primary cell

are both prokaryotes, without any complex cell structure. When looking through a microscope they are both identical in appearance to include shape and size. They both reproduce using binary fission, and move around using flagella. Archaea and bacteria have cell walls on the outside, which provide support, and lets Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes, meaning they do not have a nucleus and lack membrane-bound organelles. They are tiny, single-cell organisms called microbes, which cannot…

In the world of Andrew Niccol’s film Gattaca, tinkering with human genetics has become the norm in the search for perfection of body and mind. The practice has become so widespread that those conceived naturally suffer discrimination on the basis of their DNA which in turn creates a class divide between the two groups. In the film genetics, and the imperfection drawn from them is overcome by means of raw determination by the protagonist and these concepts are explored through a variety of…

Animal Testing Animals have been the key point in animal testing. However, the amounts of animals being use are suffering during the process of being experimenting on. People don’t realize that animals are living being that has feeling and emotions just like humans do. People do not understand the nature that goes around them. They choose to be ignorant and avaricious about money and wasting animal lives because they feel that animal pain is less important than human pain. Animal…

Since the days of the Nazi regime and the blonde hair – blue eyes craze, society has had highly specific standards of what is “perfect” and what is not. The human race is going to great lengths to become perfect beings, even when there are known complications involved, such as plastic surgery that can cause undesired facial deconstruction later on in life. Pre-implementation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is just another one of these procedures where perfection can be achieved. Parents are using PGD to…

The Dye Experiment Introduction- The task was to investigate a number of natural dyes to find out if they are suitable with a particular fabric. Natural dyes are a colorants derived from plants, minerals, and etc. Vegetable dyes from plants are the main sources of natural dyes. Different kinds of vegetables and fruits that have color can be used in this experiment which can be berries,leaves, and other organic sources. Our group used beets, spinach, and carrots as our natural dye.…

where it targets multiple target sides which are lipid molecules on peptidoglycan and also teichoic acids that used by bacteria in cell wall synthesis. Teixobactin will form a stoichiometric complex by binding to a highly conserved motif of…

dvancements in Neuroscience How the brain works has been a topic that has interested me for many years. I have been intrigued by how thought patterns and behavior can be changed through retraining the brain. Even with the knowledge of how to retrain the brain, little has been known about what the brain looks like as it is working, but that is changing. Neuroscientists are performing research to discover exactly what the inner workings of the brain look like. One of the…

Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21 and it is a developmental disorder which means having three copies of each genes rather than two, this extra copy changes several characteristics and leads to physical and mental issues for the child. Anyway, what are the signs and symptoms of Down syndrome? Different complications at different times of lives may happen to people with Down syndrome as well as the signs of Down syndrome can vary from one person to…

Being able to craft a new organ out of a patient’s own cells that is guaranteed to be a perfect match and could be made to order, sounds like a beautiful, unmanageable fantasy especially to those like me who have watched a loved one go through the never-ending process of getting an organ transplant. Bioprinting could one day turn that seemingly impossible dream into a reality and completely revolutionize the world of organ transplants. I can imagine the years of my father having to deal with the…

the function of a channel that is used to move chloride ions in and out of cells. It specifically codes for a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. If the gene is mutated, cells cannot effectively transport chloride ions which, in turn, affects the cells’ abilities to control the movement of water in tissues. This lack of capacity to regulate chloride ions and the movement of water within cells results in thick, sticky mucus that is dangerous to many of the…