Predicted outcome value theory

the the concepts of hindsight bias, our tendency to perceive patterns in random events, and judgmental overconfidence to respond to those that argue that psychology is just common sense. Hindsight bias is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.…

Robert Milton’s Anomie Strain Theory is centered in the belief that society has a dominant and accepted set of norms/values and goals and those values direct us in the acceptable avenue of achieving said goals. Milton adapted his theory from Durkheim, who theorized that strain was due to a breakdown of society’s inability to control the goals and aspirations. Milton’s tweak on Durkheim states that social strain is created when the gap between socially approved goals and one’s ability and/or…

is not distributed evenly. In Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, cloning replaces natural conception and the amount of power they will have will be predestined for them within their own caste. This type of utopian society reflects Karl Marx’s theories of capitalism, where class struggle is the basis of one’s identity and their access to resources and power. In Brave New World, everyone is placed into a caste system, where Alphas, the most intelligent, are the smallest population and the…

if at all. One possible ethical position is the ‘on balance justification’ view, where it is argued that animal research is acceptable if the benefits are greater than the costs and if regulations are implemented to reduce animal harm. Several theories…

evidence suggests that domestic manufacturers elsewhere did not necessarily prosper during the embargo. Textile manufacturers in New England suffered considerably with the sudden collapse of trade. According to Ware, these findings tend “to destroy the theory that it was the embargo which, by cutting off foreign competition and throwing out of employment labor and capital, gave the impetus and protection to the American industry which enabled it to become firmly established. . . . By striking…

Phelan et al.’s (2010) refinement of their Fundamental Cause Theory is a case in point. Until the 1950s, low SES Indigenous communities had better oral health than high SES non-Indigenous communities, thanks to a non-cariogenic traditional diet (Martin-Iverson, 1999). As our understanding of treatment and prevention grew, early childhood caries reduced in non-Indigenous communities (as predicted by the model) but increased in Indigenous communities – an unpredicted effect, as…

The attempt to define intelligence through the use of testing has been approached by nearly as many angles as the theory of intelligence itself. The single coefficient modeled approach to IQ has been in practice since Binet’s Binet - Simon scale. Since the eve of the twentieth century, despite controversy taking place primarily within the last fifty years, the concept…

sounds. Consistent with this idea, there is evidence showing that the language input—including child’s native language and other languages child is exposed to—builds the foundation of the child’s language development (Mann, 2013). As language is the outcome of what children hear, bilingualism—a situation in which the…

The following articles directly correspond with the hypothesis: A positive relationship is existent between mentoring of employees and affective organisational commitment. Article 1: Payne and Huffman (2005) study hypothesised protégés with supervisor mentors would provide career-related support and achieve the highest level of affective commitment. The IV (Independent Variables) supervisory mentors and the DV (Dependent Variables) employee's affective organisational commitment were measured by…

5 The Assumptions of Strategic Theory 1) The study of the use of resources to get power The term strategy mainly related to do any act with all of ends in order to get means. According to the words of Michael Howard’s who refers to the study of Strategic analysis that is “the use…