Predicted outcome value theory

certain standards that have subconsciously been instituted. We consider these standards, “the norm.” According to M.I.T University, they define norms as, “Concepts and behaviors that constitute the normal. [...] These often derive from values but also contradict values; sometimes derives from statistical norms but often not.” M.I.T then goes on to suggest that the purpose of norms are to, “serve as both guides and criticisms for individual behavior. Norms establish expectations that shape…

Kohlberg. They have created theories of cognitive, psychosocial, and moral development. I tested out all three of these theories on two kindergarten kids, who I will refer to as Jane and John. I’ve determined where they are in the developmental stages and if I believe if their theories are reasonable and true. The kindergarteners I worked with were a lot more intelligent than I thought they would be. The results of the experiments went both along and against the predicted outcomes.  One…

Bostdorff, D. M., & Vibbert, S. L. (1994). Values advocacy: Enhancing organizational images, deflecting public criticism, and grounding future arguments. Public Relations Review. 20. 141-158. 10.1016/0363-8111(94)90055-8. In this academic article, Bostdorff and Vibbert seek to prove that organizations use values advocacy to promote their image, direct attention away from criticisms of the organization, and to create a relationship between the brand and human values that can later be used to…

plays a central role in the development of an individual. As aforementioned, development is multicultural and may be observed through the mediums of race and ethnic groups. An ethnic group is a group of people from the same region that share common values such as language, religion, and culture. The relationship between the race and ethnicity of an individual can show the affects and effects of culture as they…

Likewise, personality testing is primarily designed based on specific personality theories and are developed empirically through tests that identifies individuals of differing personalities. Some of the most prominent theories from which personality testings’ are derived include; psychodynamic approaches, behavioral approaches, trait, type and state theories, humanistic approaches and empirical approaches. Some techniques for categorizing personality tests were proposed by Koppitz and include…

(2015). The interplay between values and aggression in adolescence: a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, doi:10.1037/dev0000015 This was a longitudinal study done on five Israel schools to test the previous theories that certain values can be correlated with aggression. Benish wanted to examine the relationship between values and aggression on a large sample of Israeli adolescents for a period of a year. He used the four higher values that have been…

Einstein’s own words, “This question cannot be decided on a logical basis” (Whitfield, Donald, Hicks). He then goes on to elaborate on his ponderings, and then specifies that although this question depends solely on the reader and the scientist, the outcome of the answer will have influence over the logical thinking and our moral judgment. Despite this answer, Einstein goes on to “confess” that although he believes there is no one answer, he himself believes that…

article argued that even though emotional labour may facilitate task effectiveness and self-expression, it may also prime customer expectation that cannot be met and may trigger emotive dissonance and self-alienation. They used the social identity theory to argue that the…

of Winged Defense from a 1919 lecture given by Captain Thomas Hart on the value of submarines in warfare. With his lack of evidence and knowledge exposed, Mitchell had no chance of exoneration by the court. While Mitchell’s court-martial proceeded into December, the Morrow Board submitted its report to President Coolidge regarding the possibility and predicted outcome of bolstering the Air Service. Unfortunately, their findings did not meet Mitchell’s expectations, as the report rejected the…

social life up to political and economic aspects. The correlation between religion and development was a case for academic study for a long time. Theorists like Max Weber predicted that religion will fail to survive in a new industrial world where secularization became a main principle of governance . Providing support to this theory, many developed Western states witnessed declines in religious affiliation, a weakening of religious and faith-based organizations. However, since Weber’s period,…