Predatory pricing

Valuation Methodology In order to value Graincorp’s stock, this report used two-stage discounted cash flow (DCF) model. This model is chosen considering that Graincorp is in the mature stage, with the characteristics of paying high dividends and has a high leverage. Moreover, management stated that they are building another silos by this year, so it is assumed that Graincorp will have an increasing growth for several periods and will drop to the stable growth afterwards. Hence, the first stage…

Capital asset pricing model According to Ross, Westerfield and Jordan (2008) capital asset pricing model is the equation of the security market line showing the relationship between expected return and beta. It is use to calculate the rate of return for risky asset. CAPM state that expected return of a security or a portfolio equals the rate on a risk free security plus a risk premium. Formula for CAPM E(Ri)=Rf + [{E(Rm) - Rf}] βi Where, E(Ri)= return required on financial asset I, Rf= risk…

There are different asset pricing models used in establishing the required rate of return for different types of assets. The models, including the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), and the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) use several assumptions regarding the information available to investors to establish the value of assets. Information is essential in the financial markets, it influences investors decision to invest and how successful is the investment if…

Variance Decomposition Analysis The Variance decomposition is also used to see the short run dynamic relationship between Bharat and other selected stock markets. The variance decomposition analysis of the selected stock exchanges is presented by the tables from 7 to10. The following tables decompose the returns at the selected stock exchanges for a period ranging from 1 to 10: Table 7: Variance Decomposition of Bharat Period S.E. Bharat H.K. CHINA U.S. 1 0.014078 100 0 0 0 2 0.014455…

Multiple Choice questions Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Option b d b b c d d d c c a b spot market derivative market no arbitrage Question 2 Fundamental concepts of derivative markets: What are derivatives? Derivatives can be defined as the instruments whose value depends on the value of underlying assets which may be a commodity, metal, money currency, any stock or indices. The main purpose…

In capital asset pricing model capital market line is used to define the rate of return for the portfolio efficiency. Efficient portfolio depends on the risk free rate of return and risk level for the specific portfolio. It is tangent line draw from the intercept point on the capable point to the point where both risk free rate of return and expected rate of returns becomes equal. Market portfolio and risk free asset coalitions consequences form the capital market line. port All points on the…

Valuation models are used to disclose (reveal) the mispricing of securities. These models are exhibited(used) by fundamental(financial) analysts, who use information regarding the current and potential profitability of a company to measure its fair market value. Based on the results of analysis, financial analysts can then make informed, accurate decisions on whether to sell, hold or buy a stock. There are alternative measures on how to value a company. Quantitative tools such as the dividend…

The main focus of the paper is on the two factor model of Liu (2006) using the current CRSP accumulation of the trading volume data daily during the time period of 1926 to 1962. The literature based on liquidity has been divided into three segments in the past studies conducted which are: Firstly, the search for liquidity proxies which has been conducted by Amihud and Mendelson (1986) where they suggest the bid ask spread measure and the research done by Datar et al. (1998) use turnover as an…

To validate the data, one of the main assumptions of the Classical Linear Regression Model i.e. Multicollinearity was checked by using the correlation matrix. Table 5.2.1 – Correlation Matrix 1 (Pearson, Kendall and Spearman) In the above matrix it can be observed that there is presence of Multicollinearity because of high correlation between, M3, Gold Price and WPI and Index of Industrial Production therefore as a remedial measure the above mentioned variables are removed from the analysis.…

Portfolio Theory only consists of systematic or uncontrollable risks. The reason was because not all the investment having the same degree of risk. Therefore, Modern Portfolio Theory was consisted of two theories which are Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). CAPM was created…