Predatory pricing

examined the CAPM and discovered that the beta can not explicate the cross-section stock returns (CSSR). Moreover, F&F (1992) conducted a test, from 1962 to 1989, on the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), (NYSE), and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQS). This study found that the BTMR was an effective variable in explicating the average CSSR. 1.1.3. Earning price ratio (EPR) and debt to equity ratio (DER) Factors In addition to the three factors…

On July 5, 2001, a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, Kimi Ford is considering buying some shares of Nike for the fund she manages, NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund. This fund mostly invests in Fortune 500 companies, and it’s top holdings include; ExxonMobil, General Motors, McDonald’s and 3M. Nike’s share price had declined since the beginning of the year. Since 1997, Nike’s revenues had plateaued around $9 billion, while net income had fallen from almost $800 million to $580 million, and their…

1. Please explain inelasticity and elasticity of demand. What happens when there is a tax on luxury items? In economics, elasticity is the measure of responsiveness towards the demand for a product when its price is changed. The basic formula for calculating the elasticity of a product is to divide the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. When the value of elasticity is greater than one percent, it indicates that the demand for the good is sensitive to…

is unlimited borrowing and lending at a riskless rate. The investor can decide to lend or borrow any amount of funds desired at the rate of interest equals to the rate for riskless securities. The eighth and ninth assumption of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is that it deals with similarity of expectations. Firstly, investors are assumed to be concerned about the mean and variance of returns(or prices over a single period), and all the investors are assumed to define the relevant period…

Alternative Asset Pricing Models Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) was developed by Stephen Ross (1976) as an alternative model to overcome some of the weaknesses that have been found in the CAPM. The APT is based on the Law of One Price. This means that if two assets have the same risk, theoretically they should have the same expected returns. If their expected returns differ, arbitrageurs would be able to create a long-short trading strategy that would have no initial cost, but would provide…

Profit rate for a hotel is its net present value divided by its cost. Company Background Marriott Corporation began in 1927 with J. Willard Marriott's root beer stand. Over the next 60 years, the business grew into one of the leading lodging and food service companies in the United States. Marriott's 1987 profits were $223 million on sales of $6.5 billion. See Exhibit 1 for a summary of Marriott's financial history. Marriott had three major lines of business: lodging, contract services, and…

The weighted average cost of capital, commonly referred to as WACC, is an important and widely accepted tool for companies to use. WACC allows the company to value future projects and the company as a whole by proportionately weighing each category of capital; because of this a firm’s WACC is dependent on the capital structure of the firm. Investors also use this tool to confirm whether or not companies are worth the investment risk. The higher the WACC, the higher the investment risk of a…

Variations in the cross-sectional stock returns drive abnormal returns from momentum investments (Choi & Kim, 2014). The Capital Asset Pricing Model explains such variations (Alhenawi, 2015). In the method of constructing momentum portfolios, past stock performance and expected average returns were found positively correlated (Jegadeesh & Titman, 1993, 2001). The correlation between winner returns and loser returns resulted in momentum profits (Alphonse & Nguyen, 2013). This section is an…

GORDON GROWTH MODEL INTRODUCTION The Gordon Growth Model also known as the Dividend Discount Model includes a methodology for computing the intrinsic value of stocks. It equates present value of the stock to the future value of dividends. FORMULA & EXPLANATION There are two basic forms of this model namely: • Stable Model Value of stock = D1 / (k-g) Whereby D1 = Expected dividend per share for the next year k = Required rate of return (can be estimated using the CAPM or Dividend Growth…

The diversification of investment and elimination of unsystematic risk can be achieved first by measuring the level of diversification needed. Diversification can be computed through correlation between returns and of the portfolio and the market portfolio. An absolutely diversified portfolio will correlate accurately with completely diversified market portfolio since only has a systematic risk. Portfolio performance measures are the most important aspects of the investment process. Performance…