Prague Spring

1911-13 Menahem Mendel Beilis, blood libel trial at Kiev. 1912 Pogroms in Fez (Morocco). 1915 Ku Klux Klan, rascist organization in the U.S., refounded. 1917-21 Pogroms in the Ukraine and Poland. 1) Pogroms by retreating Red Army from the Ukraine (spring, 1918), before the German army. 2) Pogroms by the retreating Ukraine army under the command of Simon Petlyura, resulting in the deaths of over 8,000Jews. 3)Pogroms by the counter revolutionary "White Army" under the command of General A.I.…

1968: Music As Rhetoric In Social Movements In 1968 social movements sparked rhetorical discourses which occurred in many nations and on hundreds of colleges and in communities across the United States. These rhetorical discourses ultimately changed the direction of human events. Sometimes these points of ideological protests shared views on specific issues, especially demonstrations against the Vietnam War, but each conflict was also its own local conflict. There is no evidence that any…

Gorbachev came to power as the head of the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s, and during his time in office he introduced a series of reforms which were seen to contribute to the communist bloc’s disillusion. His primary reforms were economic and political, but the policies associated with Gorbachev were glasnost (publicity, openness), perestroika (restructuring), uskorenie (acceleration) and demokratizatsaiia (democratisation). The reforms were so destabilising as the economic reforms were…

Prussia dealt with Austria one of the most humiliating and devastating defeats. Dubbed as The Seven Weeks’ War, it ultimately resulted in a decisive victory of the Prussians at Königgrätz in Bohemia (Taylor 74). With such success, the Treaty of Prague ended the conflict on terms that the Austrian Habsburgs from German affairs. In 1867, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, and Frankfurt abdicated their respective rulers and accepted Prussian leadership. The Northern German Confederation was now…

He stinks of sweat and rancid water and bitter Czechoslovak cigarettes. His jacket is too short in the arm, displaying sallow, bony wrists and the edge of something terrible tattooed on his skin in faded black ink. I was looking for the magician of Prague, Tom replies in German, not Czech, noting with amusement the way the man starts horribly and the other two break off their rapid fire muttering to shoot Tom matching filthy glares. Three years after the war and the blood may have dried on the…

Although the leaders of the Bolshevik revolution aimed to create a communist society in the USSR based on Marxism, however due to several reasons, the society (and state) they formed was different from the one envisioned by Marx. Marxism, in essence, is Karl Marx’s political ideology whereas communism is a society (and a political system) based on that ideology. The research paper explores this thesis by a comparative analysis of Marxist doctrines and its application as carried out by Lenin and…

World Affairs COLD WAR, DETENTE AND THE RENEWAL OF TENSION The emergence of a Bipolar World: Before the smoke had even settled down shortly after the World War II, there was a new war of ideologies gathering into force. The Soviet Union and the United States had collaborated in defeating the fascist empires of Japan, Italy and Germany. Nonetheless, as it approached the culmination of 1945, the wartime coalition crumbled. The United States, anchoring the Capitalist World, and the Soviet Union,…

Sales, which included T-shirts and denim jeans, reached $78 million, 98 percent of which came from the domestic market. With 1,000 stores in Italy alone, Benetton realized that the home market was saturated, and launched a major export campaign. Benetton targeted the rest of Europe and made plans to enter U.S. and Japanese markets. In 1979 the first store was opened in North America. By 1981, Benetton, operating under the name Invep S.p.A., had become the world leader in the field of knitwear,…