Potassium bicarbonate

capacity to extract them, they overflow into urine (ie, ketonuria). If the situation is not treated promptly, a greater accumulation of organic acids leads to frank clinical metabolic acidosis (ie, ketoacidosis), with a significant drop in pH and bicarbonate serum levels. Respiratory compensation for this acidotic condition results in rapid shallow breathing (Kussmaul respirations). Ketones/ketoacids/hydroxy acids, in particular, beta-hydroxybutyrate, induce nausea and vomiting that consequently…

reduced quality of life, as well as increased morbidity and mortality (Schulman, Vanholder, & Niwa, 2014). Pathophysiology The function of your kidneys is to maintain the balance of minerals and electrolytes in your body, such as calcium, sodium, and potassium. The kidneys also filter fluids and wastes from your body in the form of urine which is then removed from the body during micturition. CKD is diagnosed in stages ranging from one to five. The stages are determined by the Glomerular…

RECENT TRENDS ON PURIFICATION OF SEA WATER INTRODUCTION SEAWATER: -Sea water or salt water is water from sea or ocean. Sea or ocean water accounts for the most percentage of water on the earth. Almost anything can be found in sea water. This includes dissolved salts from earth’s crust and material released by micro organisms. It is the most impure form of natural water. Rivers join sea and throw in the impurities carried by them. Moreover continuous evaporation of water from the surface of sea…

chromatography (TLC). After approximately 6–8 h, the precipitate was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The resulting residue was dissolved in acetone, filtered to additional remove any DCU, and evaporated once more. 10% sodium bicarbonate was used to separate the PEG–dex-Ibu from free dex-Ibuprofen. The purified products were dried under vacuum. The pure PEG4000–dex-Ibu conjugate with the yield of 60.49% was obtained. The fact that there was no free drug of Dex- Ibuprofen…

Blood is everywhere, in everyone, in all living animals. The type of blood and what makes it look how it does is all based on its composition. The uses of it are vital to all animals survival as it is the key component to living. Unknown to most, but the blood's composition must be kept at near perfect balance at all time for it to perform all its functions. Blood is a crucial part of an animal's existence. Without it, it could not survive. Blood has numerous types as well as appearances, and…

A stir bar and 4.67 mL of 2.5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) was added into the 25-mL round-bottomed flask containing the isobornyl acetate. This flask was then attached to a water-cooled condenser and rested on top of a heating sand bath on a hotplate. The mixture remained in reflux for one…

Kidney: Major Functions ✓ C-ontrols electrolyte and fluid balance ✓ R-egulates homeostasis of blood and acid-base balance ✓ R-egulates RBC production ✓ E-liminates end products of metabolism, ✓ S-ecretes renin, parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D [pic] The Kidney: Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta • Renal vein- drains into the inferior…

Is Perrier Bad for You? Perrier is carbonated bottled mineral water sourced from the Les Bouillens spring in Southern France. Although the water from the spring is already naturally carbonized, carbonic gas is added to it again as it is bottled. Because of the many health benefits this water promises, it became very popular among Americans who wanted to lead a healthy and active lifestyle. Perrier soon became a widely-used substitute for soft drinks or cocktails and has gained a reputation for…

The damaging forces include the H.pylori infection, secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, and the superimposed injury from environmental or immunologic agents. The mucosal defense mechanism includes bicarbonate secretion, mucous secretion, tight adherence between epithelial cells to prevent acid leakage, good blood supply, and the renewal of the damaged epithelial cells. The H-pylori’s ability to induce inflammation, stimulates the release of cytokines…

Pathophysiology for chronic kidney failure • Chronic kidney failure, also previously known as chronic kidney disease, is a nonreversible disease. The kidney may lose up to 80% of its nephrons before any signs and symptoms may appear. The nephron is the smallest part of the kidney and its job is to filter blood. The loss of nephrons can come from various ways ranging from diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract obstruction, chronic glomerular disease and chronic infection. Diabetes causes loss…