Positivism

scientific research, the result of which is interpreted with the help of scientific theories. This approach will explain the causal relationship between ineffectiveness of rehabilitative justice and possible causes of it. Epistemology in the research is positivism. Crowther-Dowey and Fussey (2013, p.40) claim that ‘in criminology, those holding the view that drivers of criminal behavior can be objectively identified and categorized, often through the application of the methods and principles…

Deduction and Induction Management Theories Creswell (2009) defines theory as a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomenon by specifying relations among variable, with the purpose of explaining natural phenomena. The evolving of theories has contributed to knowledge accumulation most especially in management practices. A researcher in the field of management is usually faced with the need to find data or build from a data to…

J. Ayer, labeling his philosophy as logical positivism. Ayer's idea is that only definitional or empirical statements are meaningful. A statement is definitional when it is a relation of ideas. His problem is that he separates the two statements and does not consider the connection between them. Hence…

The Sociological Imagination (1959) is a fundamental theory in the realm of Social Sciences, coined by sociologist and professor C. Write Mills. This concept is defined by Mills as, “the vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and wider society”. Specifically, the Sociological Imagination, provides one’s self with an ability to observe societal patterns that influence both the individual, as well as other groups of individuals. The Sociological Imagination is inclusive,…

Science is the systematic study of structure and behaviour through observation and experiments. It is an intellectual and practical activity. Skinner (1965) noted that, “All scientists, whether giants or not, enable those who follow them to begin a little further along” (p.11). In the 14th century, Plato offered an alternative route to where science was; he did not see the need for observation, but instead highlighted the importance of other knowledge branches (Brysbaert & Rastle, 2009).…

rotified his view towards society. He can’t trust no one, not even his Faith. For the rest of his life he will live in misery thinking everyone is evil and that everyone is trying to drag him down to hell. Instead of seeing the good and encouraging positivism, it’s the opposite. Goodman Brown is unforgiving, sees the hypocrisy within the people and is living with insecurity. But wait, doesn’t this make Goodman Brown the hypocrite? Society will view him as this negative old influence in society…

WHY THE PRISONS DO NOT WORK (AS WELL AS THEY COULD) "Men simply copied the reality of their hearts when they built prisons." ~ Richard Wright. I do not want to offend all the good people who have dedicated their whole career to a positive prison reform, but the very nature of the prison business is conservative, so changes to improve are necessarily slow. But let's consider some reasons for the current gloomy state of affairs. First, people much smarter than me, have predicted with confidence…

[organization theorists] fall” (p. 5). At the Robert Morris University Phonathon, many callers tend to perceive organizational studies as constructivism or relativism. On the contrary, the leadership team seems to foresee leadership in terms of positivism. In other words, while some people, especially those with power, view leadership in terms of observable, objective organizational reality, others, such as the employees, believe that organizational theory is more human-made, created by…

Introduction to the History of Psychology, several scientists and their beliefs are introduced with extensive explanations and examples to accompany them. Chapter 5 is being focused on it this paper. It discusses empiricism, sensationalism, and positivism. However, ethology, motivation, and operant conditioning in addition to other outside sources support the understanding and development of ideas discussed in Keenan and Shaw’s…

Fides et Ratio, written by Saint Pope John Paul II, can easily be regarded as one of his most influential papal encyclicals for its view on faith and reason. The encyclical bridges the topics of philosophy, which is often associated with Hellenism, and theology, which is often associated with Catholicism, and shows how they work together as one free-flowing unit. In this paper, I will be proving how the Pope does this by talking about theology, philosophy, faith, reason, and how they all work…