Portland cement

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Concrete a manmade material widely and greatly used in construction Industry. This concrete is a mixture of adequate proportion of cement, water and aggregate. Hardening (or) strength of this material is obtained by the chemical action between water and cement. As the time increases the stronger it grows (i.e strength of concrete is directly proportion to its age).The durability, strength, versatility and other characteristics of concrete depends upon the properties and…

workability, and compressive strength properties of the concrete produced by replac-ing 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of ordinary Portland cement with Sawdust Ash (SDA). Slump test was carried out on the fresh concrete and compressive strength test on hardened concrete. The concrete cubes were tested at the ages of 3, 7, 14 & 28 days. The results showed that Sawdust Ash is good with use in cement. The slump decreased as the Sawdust Ash content increased indicating that concrete becomes less workable…

the ratio of cement to sand to gravel. Also the cost of making a concrete is significantly lower than the cost of making a material that will perform in the same way. Hard core This material must be bought in order to make sure it includes the right numbers of sand and stone, the usual amount would be around 20mm to dust, this will provide good help when compacted and will provide a good sold base for the layers above. Sub base…

3. MIX DESIGN 3.1 Design of Geopolymer Concrete Mixtures: In the mix design of geopolymer concrete the role and the influence of aggregates are considered to be the same as in the case of Portland cement concrete. The mass of combined aggregates may be taken to be between 75% and 80% of the mass of geopolymer concrete. Coarse and fine aggregate together were taken as 77% of entire mixture by mass. Fine aggregate was taken 30% of total aggregate. Fly ash and alkaline liquids was taken 23% of…

Chapter 3: Tests and Implementation. The self compacting geopolymer concrete should possess following properties: 1. Flow ability: It is the property of fresh concrete mix to flow and fully fill complex formwork under an action of its self weight. Slump flow test is performed to check flow ability of concrete. 2. Viscosity: It is the property of concrete to resist flow at a glance when it started. Low viscosity concrete will flow quickly but for a short duration while high viscosity concrete…

concrete, brick dust can also be utilized. Besides regular Roman concrete, the Romans also invented hydraulic concrete, which they made from volcanic ash and clay. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. It is obtained by mixing cement, water and aggregates (and sometimes admixtures) in required proportions. The mixture when placed in forms and. allowed to cure becomes hard like stone. The hardening is caused…

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been studied for their excellent performances which are suitable for use in bone defects or regeneration of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has poor mechanical properties which make it limited used in a load bearing area. In this case, sodium alginate (SA) was used to be mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) by using precipitation method to increase the mechanical and physical properties. The mixing of hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate effectively increases the densification and hardness…

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1. At Marino Rocks there is a substantially difference between the rock types on the ‘beach’. Some of these are grain size, age, complexion very common rock types that can be found at Marino Rocks include: sandstone and siltstone. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, hence why its called ‘SAND-stone’. It also contains a cementing material that binds the sand grains together. This is in contrast to siltstone, silt is a size term used for material that's…

Sometimes there may be a need to build a retaining wall after an asphalt paved surface has been installed. If you’re considering building a retainer wall adjacent to, or top of an existing asphalt surface there are some important things to consider before you begin building the wall. Here is how to make sure you have a sturdy wall that does not compromise your asphalt. Retainer Walls on top of Asphalt vs. Concrete Surfaces Asphalt pavement is a common material used for parking areas and…