Population genetics

longer than the promised faith of the people. For biologists, the word longevity is defined as the expected average duration under ideal conditions. The longevity of a person can be a consequence of several factors, such as lifestyle, environment and genetics. Lifestyle is an important factor that determines the longevity…

Populations consist of a group of individuals that are of the same species (Habitat, ecosystem, population and community). They also have unique attributes such as growth rate, sex ratio, mortality rate, and age structure (Klappenbach). Ecosystems can be defined as cyclical systems that are self-sufficient (Habitat, ecosystem, population and community). Organic carbon flows from organism to organism through what they consume, and is taken from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and returned…

parents, every one of them had two parents. If you keep going back, that’s like trillions of people in the world. But in the past there weren’t trillions of people in the world. So how do you get trillions of parents but you only had a fraction of the population that we have today? The family tree of humanity is converging. If someone asks you, What are you?, typically implying what is your ethnicity, what we do is we say, Okay, I’m Mexican. Well, where were you born? Born in New York. Where…

annual survival was observed for 12-20 years. Scientists have used Cormack-Jolly-Seber-Open- population models in the program MARK to estimate apparent survival. Variance-component module program MARK to estimate variation in survival. Climate data was collected by using PRISM maps for monthly minimum and maximum temperatures and also seasonal data was collected from GIS, NCDC. Scientists have applied Palmer drought severity index to assess moisture levels during the season. To assess region…

a gene pool. They analyzed that the frequencies of alleles. Hardy and Weinberg made an equation about genetic variance of a population at equilibrium. They postulated that allele or genes should be stable or equal with no disturbing factors. For a generation be able to remain constant and reach the equilibrium within generations, they postulated about how alleles behave that acts in a population. With these assumptions, Hardy and Weinberg determined the definition of evolution within a gene pool…

Gendered Response to Urban Poverty and Inequality A Case Study of SDI 1. Introduction Urbanisation has accelerated in the global scale, especially in the Global South, with the urban population growing rapidly due to both natural growth and rural-urban migration. The living condition and lifestyles of people are changing along with different situations in transport, housing, employment and infrastructures. However, in the process of urbanisation, people of different genders, religions and…

Imagine your life where different notes on a piano were different colours, or where certain names coincide with different tastes, like Victoria tastes like toothpaste, or Sasha smells like cornflakes. This is caused by the condition we are going to be focussing on in this essay. Synesthesia. Synesthesia is a neurological phenomenon which combines the senses due to a cross-wiring in the brain (E.g. Colours linked with letters / Colour-Grapheme Synesthesia). It is a condition that could occur…

. The four forces of evolution are mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Mutations are changes in genes that make us who we are today. Mutations, although they are changes in our genetic code, are most of the time harmless and essential to evolution. Mutations can be either advantageous, deleterious, or neutral depending on what the environment of the living organism is (class lecture, Wednesday). The next force of evolution is natural selection which is the idea that…

process of altering an existing gene in the DNA and inserting it into cells in an organism to fix genetic disorders or diseases. In humans, gene therapy is the process in which some of the defect cells or the cells carrying the disease are removed from the body (eg. lung cells in a Cystic Fibrosis patient) in order to harvest their DNA. The base sequence of their DNA is then altered to remove the genetic disorder by deconstructing and reconstructing DNA through techniques such as PCR, ligation…

drives evolution, or the change of frequency of heritable characteristics in a population over time. Natural selection results in the survival of the fitter individuals of a given population, and therefore the increase in frequency of the genes that produced the adaptive phenotype. For natural selection to occur, there are three conditions that must be met. First and foremost, there must be variation in a population. If no variation occurs, then no individual will have a phenotype that is any…