Popes

The prior rule of Constantine brought about the constructs of a New Rome and the usage of mosaics as a primary medium for church decoration. As we have seen before, emperors erected statues, monuments and various other symbols of themselves in order to solidify their rule over the people of their empire and prove their divine right to rule. Justinian’s rule started in 527 and this is where you will see him use the mosaics, the new found medium, to draw a connection between himself as emperor…

ecclesiastics, provoking Pope Boniface VIII's ire, who, in contrast, published some important bulls trying to limit Philip's powers. In fact, one of them was called 'Clericis laicos' and was issued on 5th of February 1296. Its content unleashed Philip's ire, as the Pope had renewed the regulations set out by the III and IV Lateran councils and by Pope Alexander IV's decrees, underlining also the fact that the Clergy were not allowed to pay extraordinary taxes without the consent of the Pope.…

Source Analysis: Pope Urban II’s Fiery Sermon Number 1: What language and quotes would motivate people or inspire people to leave everything for a crusade to the Holy Land? Source 1- Fulcher of Chartres A quote from Pope Urban II in source one, makes the people seem like they are not in control and just irrelevant, by saying they are shepherds and this is sort of an analogy of saying that they are gods people, that they have been born with control, but they aren’t acting or using their…

The Significance of the Calling of the First Crusade The significance of the calling of the First Crusade by Pope Urban II is the fall of Jerusalem, which happened directly, as well as the fall of Constantinople and the Crusades that followed. The First Crusade lasted three years and resulted in the fall of Jerusalem. The Second and Third Crusade lasted two and five years respectively. The Fourth Crusade last two years and resulted in the fall of the city of Constantinople. The Fifth…

How does Pope Francis’s letter, Laudato Si, relate to the ideals of the Sacramentality and how can the themes of Laudato Si present a new perspective in a sacramental way? Pope Francis’s Papal Encyclical entitled Laudato Si, which means “Be Praised”, illustrates a spectrum of global issues and how human beings are intended to solve the matter. Issues such as; preservation of the environment, protecting life and creation, and a general decline in moral and spirituality amongst all people of…

This paper will summarize the article “The Renaissance Popes Provoke the Protestant Secession” from The March of Folly by Barbara Tuchman. Her article tells of the extravagance and negligence of the Papacy under Leo X which brought about the splintering of Christendom. Tuchman begins her article describing the opening ceremonies of the new Medici Pope, in which had been spent “one-seventh of the reserve Julius had left in the treasury” . During just the parade, Leo demonstrated “Medici…

history of the United States, several Popes have visited. Out of all these visits, Pope Francis' was the most like Pope John II's visit. While they were in America they did many of the same things. For example, both Popes went to New York and Washington, D.C. Although both papal visits to the U.S. were similar, they were a bit different from one another. When Pope John Paul II came to the United States he went to Alaska, Boston, Chicago, and Miami. In contrast, Pope Francis only went to New…

Populorum Progressio is an encyclical written by Pope Paul VI in 1967. The title of this encyclical means “One the Development of People”. In this encyclical, Pope Paul VI highlights urgent problems that must be dealt within weaker, undeveloped nations. The injustices that Pope Paul VI addresses include widespread hunger, poverty, disease and ignorance. Populorum Progressio is split into two sections; humankind's complete development and humankind’s common development. The development progress…

Augustus of Hippo from the fourth century C.E. that easys the notion of a just war on to humanity. I argue that the first crusade of Pope Urban II was not act out of character of Christianity and it was the currents events that are the cause for the first crusade, and the reason why the people of Christendom went on the crusade was for god not so much money. The motive for Pope Urban the Second for his call upon the faithful Christians was to remove the tyrannical world domination state of…

Pope John XXIII was born to the name “Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli” circa the year 1882. After being ordained in 1904 and being drafted by the Italian military to be a chaplain, Angelo served the church in multiple other ways. Angelo became the bishop of Bulgaria, as well as the papal ambassador of Turkey and Greece. Working his way up, Angelo became pope in 1958 and took the name Pope John XXIII. People expected Pope John XXIII to do much, as he was 76 at the time, nor did they expect him to stay…