Pope Urban VIII

McGrath, Alister E. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. 4th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. ISBN: 9780470672815. The following critique will observe in depth the study from the book Reformation Thought by Alister E. McGrath. The critique will demonstrate that the author, McGrath, looks to talk about the idea, culture, foundation and qualifying surroundings of the Reformation. This book is extensive, which it incorporates the significant players of the Reformation and their religious…

Papal Bulls “List Of Papal Bulls” The List Of Papal Bulls is an incomplete catalog of the Papal Bulls, which were issued by the Roman Catholic Church. The 1452 Papal Bull the “Dum Diversas” Issued by Pope Nicholas V. The first papal bull “to seek out and discover” was issued in 1452 and is known as the Dum Diversas. The document gave the king of Portugal Afonso V, the authority to subjugate Muslims, pagans, and other unbelievers. We grant you…

in The Pardoner’s Tale. “Ther cam a privee theef men clepeth Deeth/ That in this contree al the peple sleeth,” (Ackroyd 15). The Plague happened six times during Chaucer’s lifetime. During the time of the Plague” the widespread fear of death and sense of helplessness that people often felt when faced with the threat of such a disease, caused people to react in different ways,” (Rossignol 37). Some people responded to the threat of the Plaque by indulging themselves and “living it up” in a…

The Carolingian Empire and Ottonian Empire each occurred successively. Starting in the second half of the eighth century with the dynasty known today as Carolingian. Then culminating with the Ottonians as they were being established as the Holy Roman Empire. These empires were located in western Germany, France, and northern Italy. The Carolingian dynasty that was led by Charlemagne and his heirs used illustrated books to better develop Christianity’s exposure among their people which helped…

the only reason and motivation of the crusade was religion whereas Ronald Finucane believes greed of wealth was the motivation to join crusade. Hans believes the crusade was called by the pope urban II. He asked Christians to join crusades to free holy land from Muslim. Who had occupied the holy land. The pope said if Christian helps free the land, god would forgive their sins that they may have committed. They will also be rewarded after life. In contrast Ronald believes that people joined…

(Maurice Duplessis in the election in 1952 campaigning) Maurice Duplessis and the Great Darkness (1944-1959) Maurice Duplessis was Premier of Quebec from 1944-1959 and led the Union Nationale political party. He was a Quebec nationalist and believed that Quebec should be a distinctive society, that it should be a nation instead of a Canadian province. Soon Duplessis created a new flag just for Quebec that had the fleur-de-lys, which, was a French symbol. This pushed Canadians apart because soon…

the Protestant reformation, there were a lot of Catholic's such as Erasmus of Rotterdam that were unhappy with the church. When you look at all of the dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church among the lay people such as, Zwingli, Calvin, and Henry VIII; it is quite obvious that this topic would have blown up even without Martin Luther…

The split of the Roman Empire into two divisions– eastern and western empires, were the results of the quick growth of the Roman Empire. Because of this growth, successful rule of each area was becoming difficult. In hope to maintain order, Emperor Diocletian came to the conclusion around 285 CE that the best solution to this problem would be to split the Roman Empire . The eastern part of the Roman Empire, know as the Byzantine Empire, was founded by Constantine the Great in 330 AD and had a…

The article I will be reviewing is Sacrifice and Pagan Belief in Fifth- and Sixth-Century Byzantium by K. W. Harl. The article was published in the Past & Present academic journal in August 1990. The topic is what happened Pagan beliefs and the art of Pagan sacrifice starting around 300AD to around 600AD. K. W. Harl is writing this article to state that the conversion of Pagan beliefs and Pagan sacrifices to Christian beliefs and Christian values was a song, slow process that started in the…

My favorite text from this semester was the story called “The Pardoner’s Tale” by Geoffrey Chaucer. This is my first favorite text from the semester because of how much Chaucer uses the character of the Pardoner to attack the Roman Catholic church. He makes the character of the Pardoner and Summoner very greedy; just as the church was in the 1300’s of Chaucer’s time. As history will already tell, the Roman Catholic church was greedy during the Middle Ages or Dark Ages. So this fits well into the…