Pope Urban II

I, son of the Henry I, Duke of Saxony was able to seize a large amount of land from the east of Elbe River, comprising Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, all the way to North Italy and parts of southern France. Thus due to his aid to the Church, Pope John XII crowned Otto I as an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (406 Bentley, Ziegler). This alliance helped to gain control over the German territories, it benefited Otto, since he «strengthened his power and decreased the power of the duchies»…

Pope Eugenius III promised Bernard the same indulgences for it that Pope Urban II had promised during the First Crusade (Catholic Online). Bernard is well remembered in history, which can partly be attributed to the fact that 482 of his letters were preserved and translated (Gasquet). Bernard died on the 20th of August, 1153 at the age of sixty-three. St. Bernard was canonized in 1174 by Pope Alexander III (Gasquet). In 1830, Pope Pius VII declared Bernard a Doctor…

Church Corruption In the Middle Ages Introduction. The middle ages, highly romanticized in modern media, but quite possibly one of the worst historical time periods to have lived in. From the brutal pseudo-caste system that dictated the life of you and your descendants, to the leaders that were all either massive cowards or power-hungry generals, and even the many holy wars that ravished the peasants livelihood, simply making it another day was a challenge for the people. When times get tough,…

The King of England, King Edward, claimed the French throne his own. The French apposed this claim. King Edward also angered the French with his possession of French territory. The French believed this endangered their policy of centralization. There was also dispute over control of French land known as Flanders. Flanders ' cloth industry depended on wool imported from England. In the Hundred Years ' War France had the advantage of fighting the war on their own turf, with a larger population,…

Consequently, Henry enlisted the help of Cardinal Wolsey to convince the Pope to consider Henry’s annulment. Wolsey went unsuccessful, causing Henry to break away from Rome. Henry had the Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy. This Act allowed him to take on role as the head of the Church of England (Kivlen, 1927). He created…

Sacrament, Giving of the Law and Parnassus. Raphael had painted four historical events which this showed the salvation of the church through a divine intervention. In three of these frescoes, Raphael depicted either Leo X, or Julius II which Leo X then and now became the Pope in 1513. The 4th fresco in this room showed the liberation of Saint Peter from prison. Raphael had painted part of a third room, the Stanza dell’Incendio, which he named after its main fresco “The Fire in the…

della Segnatura, Stanza d’ Eliodoro, and the Stanza dell’Incendio. The Stanza della Segnatura stands as the most important because it displayed the four cardinal virtues (Philosophy, Theology, Law and Justice and the Arts), a topic that was chosen by Pope Julius to decorate the walls of his library. The School of Athens, painted between 1510 and 1511 portrayed the cardinal virtue of Philosophy and depicts the most recognizable philosophers of the Classical Age in Greek history. It represents…

In the early 15th Century Florence, there were an array of young artists that experimented discuss the context of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Filippo Brunelleschi was an important innovator during the Renaissance period as an architect and an inventor. Leon Battirta Alberti was also an important engineer during this time. Also discussed, are few works done by Donato Bramante (1444-1514) and Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564). This essay will briefly discuss the importance of art…

chapel which was once previously called the Capella Magna is located in Vatican City, Italy. Tourists from all over the world our honored to not only enjoy the Chapel itself but the disperse artwork that surrounds the inside of the Sistine chapel. Pope Sixtus IV hired an assortment of magnificent artists to accompany him in creating one of the most remarkable and breath taking projects. The production of the restoration of the Chapel was no easy feat. The artists confronted dilemma’s along the…

4. Florence was considered to be the focus of what came to be the Renaissance. The political realm of Florence was dictated by the Medici family. This family controlled the city in secret, for nearly eight decades. The family saw the city of Florence as their work of art One member of this family was Cosimo de’ Medici. Cosimo embraced the very essence of what humanism is. Humanism embraces the arts and literature from cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome. Cosimo made sure that he was constantly…