Pope Urban II

Renaissance Europe saw the development of the so-called new monarchies. What were the guiding principles and basic tactics of the rulers of England, France, and Spain in their efforts to centralize their states? To what extent did these rulers rely on new policies and practices? How successful were the new monarchs? In the years prior to the New Monarchy, Europe had been devastated by the Black Plague. The ruling powers needed to gain the loyalty of the people, rebuild the economy, and…

Tartuffe Essay In seventeenth century France, all literature had to be approved by the King before it could be published. In the case of drama specifically, many playwrights had to write several versions before it could be approved, primarily because of its offensiveness, as it was in Moliere’s case. In his efforts to please King Lois XIV, Moliere weakened the overall message of his most famous play, Tartuffe. In Moliere’s earlier copies of Tartuffe, he originally made fun of religion. In David…

The Reconstructionist Martin Luther was sickened when he heard about the selling of indulgences and how the pope would persuade people into buying. The pope would send his salesman and helpers town to town convincing people to pitch in money so that they can “save their friends and relatives” from purgatory. Crowds of people believed this non-sense to supposedly save their loved ones from this false idea, purgatory is when a dead person’s soul is to be purified so that he or she…

The Comparison between Medieval Europe and Renaissance Northern Europe The two civilizations that I am comparing are the Medieval Europe and the Renaissance Northern Europe. To begin with, in Medieval Europe, Christianity was spread to everyone. The Catholic Church spread Christianity mainly to convert the pagans. It rejected all pagan traditions. During the Latin reign, the Greek/Hebrew parts of the bible were translated into the Latin language. Medieval commoners used the Bible. Its text…

Did the Protestant Reformation matter, and if so, how? The Reformation has severely affected the modern view of politics and law. Before the Reformation, the Church governed politics; she controlled emperors and kings and governed the law of lands. Before stating whether, the Protestant Reformation matters one needs to understand what it was. During the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural disruption that fragmented Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and…

persuade them to his side. Supports his cause by writing about Hitler, the churches, and Jesus. Martin Luther King brings up the topic of Hitler to put fear in the white moderates to support Civil Rights. In 1963 most white moderates fought in World War II. Bringing up Hitler brought bad memories from…

During the Middle Ages Christianity shaped the spiritual, intellectual, and institutional development in Europe heavily. Christianity shaped the spiritual development in Europe from the fifth to the tenth century when churches sent out missionaries to attempt converting barbarians to Christianity, which in later centuries helped rid Europe of barbarianism. Because it was the most dominant religion in Europe, many attempts to purify the church were taken on by Christians attempting to unify the…

In this essay I’ll be discussing the history of Baroque art and two artist from that era, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Then I’ll explain the role of the church during this era and how Caravaggio and Bernini differently conveyed faith and commitment to the church. Lastly, I’ll give my visual analyze on Bernini’s painting Ecstasy of St. Teresa and Caravaggio’s painting Crucifixion of St. Peter. The Baroque era came about from the Reformation which was a religious…

The period between the 5th and 14th centuries were known as “The Middle Ages” or Medieval period. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe didn’t have leaders or a political structure to unite the people. The Roman Catholic Church eventually became that institution along with kings, queens, and noblemen that would incite control over the people. During the Middle Ages, ordinary people like merchants, salesmen, carpenter and peasants were required to tithe 10 percent of their earnings each year…

History is filled with lost cultures. Victims of their own oral historical traditions, and without literature of their own these cultures suffer the mercy of neighbors and in many cases enemies. Obscured by half-truths and hateful rhetoric written by enemies, much of their heritage is lost in time. Historians and archeologists working with incomplete manuscripts, biased histories, and ancient graves are challenged to discover the true nature of these lost cultures. The subject of this effort is…