Pope Pius XI

huge influence over the Church even in the election of the pope and the bishops. However, a new movement of reform began within the Church that was concretized by Pope Gregory VII. He released a document called Dictatus Papae in which he affirmed among others that the Roman Church was founded by God alone and the Pope was the one in charge of deposing emperors and bishops. This affirmation only helped to prolong the tensions between the pope and the rulers of the time. In terms of freedom, the…

find out that one of the churches most influential organizations, the Jesuits, were disbanded by the pope on rumors of heresy. The pope, Clement XIV, did not suppress the Jesuits for heresy but for more political reasons. After losing the support of Portugal, he dispersed the Order to appease the French and Spanish rulers in order to save face and keep their support. It has been argued that the pope did this as a result of a series of localized political moves rather his reason being a…

combatting it. The issue came into primary focus in 1989 with anti-government demonstrations that forced the leadership to wage war against corruption, for fear of losing legitimacy as a party. And yet, corruption has not significantly decreased. With Xi Jinping’s announcement in 2012 that he would be undertaking a comprehensive anti-corruption campaign, the question “just how comprehensive” now has to be answered. With the establishment of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection…

Next, as new knowledge progressed with the secular and religious factions, new ideas, and views about past actions brought about new wisdom, so by the Catholic Church striving to remain a symbol of Christ, a change to old traditions was due. Racism has existed since the beginning, and some even attribute the “mark upon Cain,” place by God to keep other from killing him during his banishment, in Genesis 4:15, (KJV). Our history has shown that people find any reason to oppress people like skin…

The material that made up this story was charred, meaning it burned in the fire. A coin of Antoninus Pius was discovered in the rubble, and can also help give this stratum a date, as well as Stratum 500 an end date that is the mid 2nd century because Pius ruled from 138-161. The start and end date for this layer is the same because it did not take long for the story to collapse and…

So now, let us walk over to the three dimensional artworks of Rome. A Greek Hellenistic type of Aphrodite with Eros was adapted by the Romans to represent imperial women with their infants. As you can see here, we have the “Bust of a Woman”. This fine sculpture echoes the taste that the Romans inspired to have when making portraits of women. Can anyone tell me, what it is that the Romans inspired to create in their sculptures? “They wanted to create realism.” Yes, that is correct, in fact if you…

Critically examine one contemporary ethical issue from the perspective of either Christianity or Judaism. Annapreet Bhullar 13000382 ‘I have striven not to laugh at human actions, not to weep at them, not to hate them, but to understand them.’ Brittany Maynard; the heart breaking case whereby she took her own life aged 29, due to suffering from an aggressive malignant brain tumour. She died in Oregon, USA from taking a lethal drug prescribed by a doctor after become globally recognised…

what start wars and shape nations as well as the history of nations. One piece of history which has brought such controversy even into modern times is the story of Rodrigo Borgia more famously known as Pope Alexander VI. Pope Alexander IV has been written into history as one of the most scandalous popes of the Renaissance era. His legacy is tarnished with alleged murders, incestuous relationships, and nepotism. Many biographies have been written about Rodrigo chiming in on the scandal involved…

status. They imagine Catholics believing the pope to be sinless or unable to sin. Secularists and irreligious people believe papal infallibility to be a fairly new concept. They also speculate it was invented as a means to defend the church against the emerging threats of scientific innovation. Others insist Catholics believe every statement by the pope to be infallible, whereas some believe a teaching of the church can only be infallible when the pope uses a magical incantation to explicitly…

96). Therefore, he sided against the use of any form of contraceptive because intercourse was only meant for the purpose of procreation. However, by the 1930’s and leading up until then individuals were disagreeing with Augustine’s argument. Pope Pius XI announced to all individuals his opinion which was that there are other reasons for intercourse. One “of these secondary ends is now called ‘mutual love’(Kelly et al., 2013, p. 98). Intercourse can produce unity and mutual…