Pope Pius XI

equality of men and women, and on the opposite side of the same coin, when a scholar tries to judge Chaucer base on feminist ideas, even if this ideas are correct, they are practically trying to take Chaucer out of his time period and judge him base on our standards. The proper way to study Chaucer is to understand what period he comes from. Chaucer was born around the early 1340’s which was just after the beginning of the Hundred Years War. Chaucer would go on and serve with the army in France on several occasions. During Chaucer’s life, the Black Plague would have swept across Europe and would give inspiration to Boccaccio’s Decameron. John Wycliffe would have been active during this time and his teachings would be condemned by Pope Gregory XI (Benson). The courts would have done nothing to Wycliffe while he was alive since he had strong support from its members (Benson). In 1382, the Bible would have been translated to English and the “Wyclifite Bible” would be made in 1388 (Benson). During this time English was beginning to be used more in higher class society in England and French was becoming more foreign (Boulay 477). When a scholar learns about a historical figures life they have to pay attention to the great things the figure has done as well as the lesser actions they have committed. This goes for Chaucer as well with the documents of Chaumpaigne release. In these documents, Cecily Chaumpaigne released Chaucer from anything that dealt with her rape. This…

committed. The reluctance to react is supported by the soon-to-be Pope at the time, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, who stated that ‘the fight against the Jews would also become a fight against the Catholics’ and said that on behalf of the Catholics, they will not intervene. This fear is supported by the evidence of violence seen against the Catholic Church, for example, the murder of several leaders in the Night of the Long Knives in June 1934 such as Adalbet Probst or the arresting of pastors like…

Pauline-Augustine doctrine of grace, would greatly shape young Wycliffe's views, as did the Black Death which reached England in the summer of 1348. From his frequent references to it in later life, it appears to have made a deep and abiding impression upon him. According to Robert Vaughn, the effect was to give Wycliffe "Very gloomy views in regard to the condition and prospects of the human race." Wycliffe would have been at Oxford during the St Scholastica Day riot in which sixty-three…

unaccompanied by any escort. She discovered a disturbing trend of mentally ill and mentally disable people being routinely imprisoned alongside actual criminals, often as not alongside violent criminals. She began keeping an extensive articulate and astonishingly unedited record of her findings which she published and used to lobby before the Massachusetts state legislature for federal reform and legislation to support and expand hospitals to house mentally ill prisoners. Her efforts not only…

called “Constitutions” which more and more gave him power, especially the “Constitution of 1802” which gave him office for life. While also giving him the power to elect his successor which ultimately would eventually be someone from his bloodline. Napoleon was not a man for the better of the Revolution he was a man for himself and for his belief for a weak nation like France was with the ending of the massive Revolution that they had ongoing. One of the main instances from the book that really…

witchcraft and other crimes. Though having trouble to burn Joan to death the English still interrogated her and tried to get her to come to any wrongdoing. After trying for months, the English thought to force her to wear men’s clothing she could be accused for heresy. They gave her men’s clothing and to protect her modesty, Joan put them on knowing that she would be tried and be burned to death because of it. She was then brought in front of inquisitors to be sentenced to death. Then, on May…

was promoted to Prime Minister of Sardinia by Victor’s own doing. E.P. Noether states that “Although Victor Emmanuel did not always agree with him, he recognized that Cavour 's plan helped to strengthen the monarchy and to transform Piedmont-Sardinia into a modern state” (Noether 5). Other revolutionaries like Giuseppe Mazzini were not as successful as Victor and Cavour because they had popularity throughout the states and they both came from respected, wealthy families. However, Mazzini had…

Hitler’s Pope was written in 1999 by John Cornwell and it examines the actions of Eugenio Pacelli. Eugenio Pacelli would later become Pope Pius XII of the Roman Catholic Church before, during and after the events of World War Two. Cornwell covers the life and the actions of Pacelli during the events of the war from his actions with Adolf Hitler as well as the relation/ internal workings of the Roman Catholic Church and its dealings during the war. The book begins talking about the Pacellis…

contraceptive. However, Pius XII ruled in 1958 that while it was acceptable to use the pill as a medication, it was not moral to use as a contraceptive. Though the pill may help women seeking to regulate their cycle and few other side benefits, there are harmful and injurious side effects. These include irregular bleeding or spotting, increased risk of strokes, cancer, and blood clotting, migraines, and gall bladder disease. There is an overall weakening of the immune system, causing women…

has had a lasting impression on the European Landscape throughout history, and for the most part, the general public went along with the Catholic Church and the Pope because, that was all the people of Europe knew. However, that began to change, as the thoughts and ideals that were formed during the Enlightenment came to prominence. In David Kertzer’s book The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara, Kertzer argues that the Pope is losing the battle of public opinion due to his opposition to the Italian…