Pope Pius X

witchcraft and other crimes. Though having trouble to burn Joan to death the English still interrogated her and tried to get her to come to any wrongdoing. After trying for months, the English thought to force her to wear men’s clothing she could be accused for heresy. They gave her men’s clothing and to protect her modesty, Joan put them on knowing that she would be tried and be burned to death because of it. She was then brought in front of inquisitors to be sentenced to death. Then, on May 14, 1431 Joan of Arc was burned to the stake. Even though Joan suffered of being accused as a witch and heretic and was burned to death, King Charles VII tried her again 20 years after her death and cleared her of any of those accusations, and then in 1920 Pope Benedict XV canonized her making her a saint.…

unaccompanied by any escort. She discovered a disturbing trend of mentally ill and mentally disable people being routinely imprisoned alongside actual criminals, often as not alongside violent criminals. She began keeping an extensive articulate and astonishingly unedited record of her findings which she published and used to lobby before the Massachusetts state legislature for federal reform and legislation to support and expand hospitals to house mentally ill prisoners. Her efforts not only…

called “Constitutions” which more and more gave him power, especially the “Constitution of 1802” which gave him office for life. While also giving him the power to elect his successor which ultimately would eventually be someone from his bloodline. Napoleon was not a man for the better of the Revolution he was a man for himself and for his belief for a weak nation like France was with the ending of the massive Revolution that they had ongoing. One of the main instances from the book that really…

was promoted to Prime Minister of Sardinia by Victor’s own doing. E.P. Noether states that “Although Victor Emmanuel did not always agree with him, he recognized that Cavour 's plan helped to strengthen the monarchy and to transform Piedmont-Sardinia into a modern state” (Noether 5). Other revolutionaries like Giuseppe Mazzini were not as successful as Victor and Cavour because they had popularity throughout the states and they both came from respected, wealthy families. However, Mazzini had…

Hitler’s Pope was written in 1999 by John Cornwell and it examines the actions of Eugenio Pacelli. Eugenio Pacelli would later become Pope Pius XII of the Roman Catholic Church before, during and after the events of World War Two. Cornwell covers the life and the actions of Pacelli during the events of the war from his actions with Adolf Hitler as well as the relation/ internal workings of the Roman Catholic Church and its dealings during the war. The book begins talking about the Pacellis…

MIDDLE AGES AND REFORMATION The society of the middle ages was based in a Catholic civilization, though there were tensions between the Church and the emperors. The empire had a huge influence over the Church even in the election of the pope and the bishops. However, a new movement of reform began within the Church that was concretized by Pope Gregory VII. He released a document called Dictatus Papae in which he affirmed among others that the Roman Church was founded by God alone and the Pope…

influential organizations, the Jesuits, were disbanded by the pope on rumors of heresy. The pope, Clement XIV, did not suppress the Jesuits for heresy but for more political reasons. After losing the support of Portugal, he dispersed the Order to appease the French and Spanish rulers in order to save face and keep their support. It has been argued that the pope did this as a result of a series of localized political moves rather his reason being a theological controversy. These localized…

of David was to be a patriotic symbol of a hero because of the time period Florence was going through with the threats towards them. David showed a model or heroic courage and expressed that his inner spiritual strength can overcome anything that comes his way. Also as well, Michelangelo represented David as an athlete that is concentrated and one who is ready for a fight. This sculpture David is showing a visible look of worry and holding a stone in his right hand. This sculpture not only had…

The material that made up this story was charred, meaning it burned in the fire. A coin of Antoninus Pius was discovered in the rubble, and can also help give this stratum a date, as well as Stratum 500 an end date that is the mid 2nd century because Pius ruled from 138-161. The start and end date for this layer is the same because it did not take long for the story to collapse and…

So now, let us walk over to the three dimensional artworks of Rome. A Greek Hellenistic type of Aphrodite with Eros was adapted by the Romans to represent imperial women with their infants. As you can see here, we have the “Bust of a Woman”. This fine sculpture echoes the taste that the Romans inspired to have when making portraits of women. Can anyone tell me, what it is that the Romans inspired to create in their sculptures? “They wanted to create realism.” Yes, that is correct, in fact if you…