Pope Pius VI

Despite the extensive presence of the Catholic church in the late Middle Ages, it seems as though society was still fixated on the opposition between Fortune and free will. It is common knowledge that Christianity preached free will to its people, and that the idea of Fortune or fatalism was a pagan idea condemned by the Church. Fortune as a concept, then, could only be explored through writing. Geoffrey Chaucer was one of many writers who wrestled with the opposition between free will and…

The sixteenth century began in France as a time of peace, prosperity and full of optimism, but this soon changed to Civil War due to religious schism, with the Royal Family were very much involved. According to Barbara B. Diendorf, a Professor of History at the University of California, theologians in France "condemned Martin Luther's ideas"[1] but noted that his views continued to spread throughout France during the first part of the Century. The movement supporting Luther's ideas remained…

Menocchio is a miller who was born in 1532 and lived in Italy. Menocchio had radical views on religion and was heard speaking against the Catholic Church. He was arrested and was interrogated by Church officials. Unlike most common people during this time Menocchio was creative and self-taught. He could, read write and he had free time on his hand to question religion and the Catholic Church teaching. In Early modern Europe religion was very important to people; the church was the only way…

There was once a beloved ruler, who encouraged schools and knowledge for everyone, while conquering territory and governing the city to the best of his ability. Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was a widely known emperor who ruled most of Western Europe from 768 to 814. His father, Pepin the Short, was Mayor of the Palace to king, who ruled over the Frankish kingdom for fifteen years until his death in October 768 AD. When his father died, the Franks placed the two brothers,…

The pope called him for help so Charles went to Rome abd passed the winter there, he was ignorant of the pope intent and did not want any coronation. Einhard said about this trip: “He at first had such an aversion that he declared that he would not have set foot in the day that they were conferred although it was a great feast day, if he could have foreseen the design of the pope.” Charlemagne was given the title of emperor, but this imperium…

Everyday, we are all manipulated by the government whether we like it or not. As Ward Churchill says “The American people are free to do exactly what they are told.” The quote is related not only for Americans but also for the whole world. The word “propaganda” came from Catholic Church. The phrase “congregatio de propaganda fide” (The congregation for the propagation of the faith) was used to support the Catholic faith in response to the Protestant Reformation (Labash, 20 Dec, 2001).…

With the rise of the Roman empire and the fading of the empire to evolve into a different type of monarchy. The beginning of this era is known as the Medieval era and the early middle ages. The Social part of the era incorporate the raise of monasteries, and the rise of the Charlemagne. Charlemagne’s was an early version of Feudalism, an empire that Charles King of the Franks saw as an opportunity to grow as himself to be the successor of the great Roman emperors. This period of time is known as…

The actions and ways of Martin Luther made a huge impact and influenced on the Catholic Church today in many ways. Martin Luther was behind the protestant reformation as he was the one who wrote the 95 thesis which questioned the way in which the church ran. Luther was also accountable for translating the bible from Latin to English. Without Martin Luther’s work people back then wouldn’t have realised the corruption and the political conflict at that time in the church. The contributions Martin…

whilst the nobles were persons who also believed they had the divine power to stay on top of the social hierarchy and support their superiors in maintaining social order. Because of this, many of the serfs and underclass lived by the Pre-Christian traditions and teachings up till the 1600s (Sauer 156). They lived according to the traditions and principles of the Early Irish, Welsh and English customs which related to fairy tales and Druids as well as other superstitions that were not Biblical.…

The formation of Military orders was the most crucial movement for the establishment of crusader states in the Middle-East. When the crusader states first began to form, they were alone in a foreign land with little in the way of established trade routes and constant infighting due to factions from different kingdoms competing among the crusading armies. The movement could have fallen apart at any moment, but military orders, groups of warrior monks, began to form eager to take on all the…