Pope Pius IX

The horrors and aftermath of World War I shook European Protestantism to its core. The promises and hopes of Protestant liberalism seen in the nineteenth century evaporated as Europe, seen as the cradle of Christendom, moved beyond Christendom. In this gap, what were once strongholds of Protestantism such as Germany, Scandinavia, and Great Britain witnessed a rise in secularism and skepticism. The theological response to the rise of secularism is seen in the work of Karl Barth, the son of a…

McGrath, Alister E. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. 4th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. ISBN: 9780470672815. The following critique will observe in depth the study from the book Reformation Thought by Alister E. McGrath. The critique will demonstrate that the author, McGrath, looks to talk about the idea, culture, foundation and qualifying surroundings of the Reformation. This book is extensive, which it incorporates the significant players of the Reformation and their religious…

Emperor Charles V was a Spanish ruler and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The painting is of Charles V after his victory at the battle of Muhlberg which won him the Schmalkaldic War, (“Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547)” Encyclopedia.com). Emperor Charles seeked to unite Europe under Roman Catholic but with the rising numbers of Protestants he declared war on Protestantism. Charles V was a failure not only because he failed to unite Europe but because he tried to use religion to control and unite…

Papal Bulls “List Of Papal Bulls” The List Of Papal Bulls is an incomplete catalog of the Papal Bulls, which were issued by the Roman Catholic Church. The 1452 Papal Bull the “Dum Diversas” Issued by Pope Nicholas V. The first papal bull “to seek out and discover” was issued in 1452 and is known as the Dum Diversas. The document gave the king of Portugal Afonso V, the authority to subjugate Muslims, pagans, and other unbelievers. We grant you…

in The Pardoner’s Tale. “Ther cam a privee theef men clepeth Deeth/ That in this contree al the peple sleeth,” (Ackroyd 15). The Plague happened six times during Chaucer’s lifetime. During the time of the Plague” the widespread fear of death and sense of helplessness that people often felt when faced with the threat of such a disease, caused people to react in different ways,” (Rossignol 37). Some people responded to the threat of the Plaque by indulging themselves and “living it up” in a…

The Carolingian Empire and Ottonian Empire each occurred successively. Starting in the second half of the eighth century with the dynasty known today as Carolingian. Then culminating with the Ottonians as they were being established as the Holy Roman Empire. These empires were located in western Germany, France, and northern Italy. The Carolingian dynasty that was led by Charlemagne and his heirs used illustrated books to better develop Christianity’s exposure among their people which helped…

the only reason and motivation of the crusade was religion whereas Ronald Finucane believes greed of wealth was the motivation to join crusade. Hans believes the crusade was called by the pope urban II. He asked Christians to join crusades to free holy land from Muslim. Who had occupied the holy land. The pope said if Christian helps free the land, god would forgive their sins that they may have committed. They will also be rewarded after life. In contrast Ronald believes that people joined…

(Maurice Duplessis in the election in 1952 campaigning) Maurice Duplessis and the Great Darkness (1944-1959) Maurice Duplessis was Premier of Quebec from 1944-1959 and led the Union Nationale political party. He was a Quebec nationalist and believed that Quebec should be a distinctive society, that it should be a nation instead of a Canadian province. Soon Duplessis created a new flag just for Quebec that had the fleur-de-lys, which, was a French symbol. This pushed Canadians apart because soon…

Explaining the Protestant Reformation: The most important aspects of the Protestant Reformation are Martin Luther's 95 thesis, those who supported Martin Luther and why, diet of worms, importance of Huldrych Zwingli, Catholic counter-reformation, and Council of Trent. These are the most important aspects of the Protestant Reformation because they are the key events or elements that lead up to and helped complete the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther's 95 thesis is a list of abuses Martin…

The split of the Roman Empire into two divisions– eastern and western empires, were the results of the quick growth of the Roman Empire. Because of this growth, successful rule of each area was becoming difficult. In hope to maintain order, Emperor Diocletian came to the conclusion around 285 CE that the best solution to this problem would be to split the Roman Empire . The eastern part of the Roman Empire, know as the Byzantine Empire, was founded by Constantine the Great in 330 AD and had a…