Pope Nicholas III

The Middle Ages was an era in Europe that lasted since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE until the beginning of Renaissance in the 14th century (History). Throughout those centuries, literature arose as a way of spreading out religious topics through Europe being Latin the most popular language. Hroswitha was one of the several numbers of authors that appeared at that time. She was a canoness in the 10th century and considered the first German poet (Britannica). Hroswitha’s plays…

Shakespeare’s Attitude to Puritanism in his Plays The term “Puritan” appeared in England around 1565 as a reference to the abuse of religious propaganda in the period. German refugees brought into England the notion of pure primitive church and purity of reform. One of the first printed uses of the term originated in a Catholic attack on an Anglican policy statement and later as an argument of Protestant leaders against Elizabeth’s keeping of the crucifix on her chapel altar. Puritanism can be…

Two perceptions, one meaning Cranach’s Wittenberg Altarpiece The majestic art piece “The Wittenberg Altarpiece” was painted by Lucas Cranach in 1547. This altarpiece is the focal point of the City Church in Wittenberg, on it we can appreciate the importance of how worship was sensed during those days. At the same time, the altarpiece also works as a religious type of publicity since we can identify a clear illustration of the effects of the Reformation on Northern European art. Martin Luther…

Introduction In 69 BC, the Flavians rose to power during the Roman civil war and they reigned over the Roman Empire between 69 BC and 96 BC. The Flavian Dynasty include Vespasian (69-79 BC), and his two sons Titus (79-81 BC) and Domitian (81-96 BC). Under Domitian reign, the Romans instituted guidelines concerning worship, known today as the Flavian polices which led to extreme persecution of the early church. From issues with Flavian Policies and the Roman religious atmosphere, cultural…

This essay will consider whether Thomas Becket’s fight with secular authority (such as the king) ended with his murder in Canterbury Cathedral on the 29th December 1170 . Becket was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by King Henry II from 1162 until his death , and came into conflict with him over clerical privilege, with Henry believing that the Church was subject to the laws of the land, whilst Becket maintained that ‘the church was above the law’ . This led to Becket’s murder at the hands of…

Three Reasons why John Edwards Sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, is a Persuasive Essay During the mid 16th and 17th centuries, a new method of life arose and religion , this being called Puritanism. Puritans, who embodied the practices of Puritanism, sought to “purify” the Church of England of its Catholic practices. Moreover, as these Puritans began to travel overseas and inhabit the continent of North America, these Puritan views traveled over as well. America thus began on the…

In this summary of Rodney Starks book “The Rise of Christianity” I will discussing chapters 1, 2, and 4, I found the arguments in these chapters most compelling giving the best overview on the rapid expansion of the Christian religion. Chapter 1 explains the rapid growth and conversion rate of the Christian population by providing charts, facts, and statistics about the conversion and growth rate of the Christian population. Chapter 2 explains the class basis of early Christianity giving…

In The Humanistic Tradition the author, Gloria Fiero presents Martin Luther as the voice of the religious reform movement against the abuses of the Church of Rome. Martin Luther's revolt against the church was an attempt to put an end to “the misery and wretchedness of Christendom” (Friero, Pg. 475). Hence he insisted that the way to find peace with God was through having heartful faith in God. Thus this idea contradicted some of the corrupt behaviors that the church was practicing such as…

An Irish priest named Monsignor Hugh O’Flaherty was a patron of Rome’s high life, a well-respected Vatican diplomat and a regular attendee of all the most prestigious parties in the capital. O’Flaherty grew up in an Ireland under British control at the turn of the 20th century. Irish citizens fighting for their own freedom faced the wrath of harsh British army forces, including the infamous ‘Black and Tans’. As a young clerical student he witnessed first-hand atrocities committed by the Black…

1. What was the context of the Protestant Reformation? (3) At this point of history there was only one church in the West- Catholic church which was controlled by the pope. The church was corrupted and the pope and cardinal were living like kings. Popes claimed more power as well as commanded armies and more political alliances. The corruption of the church was well known and several attempt had been made to reform the church but none of them were successful until Martin Luther came. 2. Who…