Pope Julius II

• Architectural Design St. Peter’s in Rome was rebuilt in the 16th century, and it replaced a very old basilican structure. St. Peters was built under the supervision of two different Popes, Nicholas V and Julius II. Very little was accomplished under Nicholas’s reign, but the work was completed under Julius’ reign. The work began on Aril, 18, 1506 and the work continued through a succession of architects: Bramante, Raphael, Peruzzi, and Sangallo which all made huge changes to the design. Then…

Saint Peter’s Basilica was initially designed by Donatoe Bramante in full masonry. An Italian architect, Bramante already had immense credit for building the Tempietto, in 1506. The Tempietto was a precursor to Saint Peter’s but is regarded as an usher of early High Renaissance. Both the Tempietto and Saint Peter’s Basilica use a central plan. Bramante did not want the Basilica to have a dome and wanted it to keep it just like his Tempietto. But, Bramante died before it was completed.…

described in Paradise Lost displays that same idea through the construction and fall of the earth and man. Milton personally believed that political monarchs were tyrants; he defended the execution of Charles I, which later caused him trouble when Charles II became king. Milton’s discontent for tyrants was first displayed by his Satan, “But he who reigns monarch in Heaven, till then as one secure sat on his throne, upheld by old repute, consent, or custom, and his regal state put forth at full,…

The Renaissance would be the product of a number of causes which spurred an end to the toleration of the Roman Catholic Church in the 1520s. As a result, Europe would experience some of its biggest and bloodiest conflicts in history until the 1900s. During the 15th and early 16th centuries--before the Reformation would begin--the development of humanism into the European world, as well as the rediscovery of ancient Greek Classics--especially after the 1453 sack of Constantinople--would cause…

Thomas Aquinas was a 13th century philosopher, theologian, logician. He became the driving force behind the Catholic church during the Scholastic movement. The church would often use Aquinas to defend the church in scholarly settings, and used his writings to teach incoming priests. During his time of writing one of his most famous works, Summa Theologica, the seventh crusade was coming to an end. This was also at a time where the Papacy was struggling to spread their claim farther and farther…

The King of England, King Edward, claimed the French throne his own. The French apposed this claim. King Edward also angered the French with his possession of French territory. The French believed this endangered their policy of centralization. There was also dispute over control of French land known as Flanders. Flanders ' cloth industry depended on wool imported from England. In the Hundred Years ' War France had the advantage of fighting the war on their own turf, with a larger population,…

Renaissance popes use their position to go beyond spiritual concerns? Many popes of the Renaissance would use their powers not only to be spiritual leaders, but many also used their power to their own advantage. For example, Pope Julius II was very involved in war and politics because he often led armies into battle multiple times during his reign. With so much power given to a Pope, many of them utilized the practice of Nepotism, or the act of promoting one’s family in the clergy. So, many…

Catholic Church has had to deal with in its ecumenical dialogue with other Christian churches is the Dogma of Papal Infallibility. This dogma was officially promulgated by Pope Pius IX at the First Vatican Council (1869-1870) in the Dogmatic Constitution Pastor Aeternus. This magisterial document defined the role and ministry of the pope within the Church. In their attempt to define the Petrine office, the Council Fathers at Vatican I unknowingly opened a ‘can of worms’ that would,…

prelates, as Geoffroy, abbot of La Trinité de Vendome, and Yves, bishop of xChartres, condemn its attitude towards women and his clothing and verbal excesses. In November 1100, Robert is summoned before the conci e met in Poitiers by the legates of Pope Paschal II to condemn adultery of King Philip l ". The excommunication then pronounced, unleashed the anger of the lord of the place, William W, Count of Poitiers and Duke dAquitaine, who, living in disorder, fears incur the same penalty, Robert…

The First Crusade started in 1096 and ended in 1099. It began when the Byzantine Emperor Alexio I Komneos sought after military assistance from Pope Urban II because they were losing the battle against the Muslims in Turkey. The Western Church and the Byzantines were not on the best terms, and the church had no reason to help them. So, the Byzantines persuaded the church with zealous letters, and after some considerations, the church decided to assist the Byzantine Emperor in defeating the…